Implicature

Question 1

explain the basic problem with word meaning

Answer 1

AND = as well as/and then
BLUE= completely/partially

Question 2

what is the cooperative principle

Answer 2

say what you need to say relevantly according to the goals of convo

make your contribution such as is required, at the state at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose of the talk exchange in which you are

Question 3

what are the conversational maxims

Answer 3

quality
quantity
relevance
manner

Question 4

explain the maxim of quality

Answer 4

try to make it true

-dont say what u believe to be false and cant back up

Question 5

observe the maxim of quality

Answer 5

white sugar is bad for you (evidence available)

Question 6

explain the maxim of quantity

Answer 6

say only as much as you need to

-make it as informative as required, but no more

Question 7

observe the maxim of quantity

Answer 7

I’m going to 4 language lectures today

-could technically go to more, but this maxim = 4 and no more

Question 8

explain the maxim of relevance

Answer 8

make your contributions relevant

Question 9

observe the maxim of relevance

Answer 9

please close the door

implicature, NOW

Question 10

explain the maxim of manner

Answer 10

be clear, brief and orderly

avoid ambiguity and obscurity

Question 11

observe the maxim of manner

Answer 11

she cut her finger and started to bleed

IN THAT ORDER

Question 12

give an example of opting out of the maxim of manner

Answer 12

If you know what I mean (garden path)

Question 13

give an example of opting out of the maxim of relevance

Answer 13

btw (hedging)
incidentally
-what im about to say isnt directly relevant to what was just said

Question 14

give an example of opting out of the maxim of quantity

Answer 14

probs dont need to say this
as u no doubt know
(based on listeners existing knowledge)

Question 15

give an example of opting out of the maxim of quality

Answer 15

apparently
idk if this is true
maybe a rumour
-lack of evidence

Question 16

explain flouting the maxims

Answer 16

blantantly disregarding them to communicate something

Question 17

what technique can be used to flout maxims

Answer 17

sarcasm/irony: say something by something else

Question 18

give an example of flouting relevance

Answer 18

did jim get drunk last night?
is the pope a catholic?

-answer seems to have nothing to do with question

Question 19

give an example of flouting quality

Answer 19

boys will be boys

-not directly telling u something

Question 20

give an example of flouting manner

Answer 20

George produced a set of sentences corresponding somewhat to an essay
-ambiguous

Question 21

what is particularised conversational implicature

Answer 21

when the relationship between 2 seemingly different situations are linked based on context

• inferred in relation to a context
• result from the existence of the M or relevance

Question 22

what is generalised conversational implicature

Answer 22

meaning is understood outside of context
inferred irrespective of the context of utterance
result from the existence of quantity and manner

Question 23

give an example of generalised conversational implicature

Answer 23

some of the parents came to sports day

Question 24

give an example of particularised conversational implicature

Answer 24

sarah has beaut handwriting and her english is grammatical

Question 25

what are generalised scalar quality implicatures

Answer 25

ling scale of ling items arranged by degree of informativeness

all of them = some of them, but not vice versa

Question 26

what are the two forms of implicature

Answer 26

generalised

particularised