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specific response Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

recognition phase

A

when looking at an antigen and determining whether or not it is self or non-self (foreign)

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2
Q

surveillance is defined as??

A

the constant lookout for non-self antigen

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3
Q

when the immune system has memory of reacting against something what happens to the reaction speed when it encounters that same antigen?

A

it will react faster the next time

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4
Q

CMI involves a response to what kind of situations?

A

tumors, viruses, intracellular pathogens

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5
Q

Humoral involves a response to what kind of situations?

A

bacteria, toxins, extracellular antigens

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6
Q

both responses involve which cells?

A

Macrophages and helper T cells

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7
Q

humoral involves what kind of cells?

A

MAC, helper T cells, B cells, Plasma cells, and antibodies

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8
Q

CMI involves what cells?

A

MAC, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, cytotoxic lymphokines

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9
Q

what are cytokines?

A

chemical signals produced by macrophages and lymphocytes and allow for communication between cells

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10
Q

generic category for chemicals produced by macrophages?

A

cytokine

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11
Q

what is a monokine?

A

specific category chemicals produced by macrophages

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12
Q

lymphokine

A

specifice category produced by a lymphocyte

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13
Q

basic sequence for CMI response

A

AG + MAC –> Helper T cell –> Cytotoxic T cells –> Lymphokines –> Memory cells

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14
Q

basic sequence for humoral response?

A

AG + MAC –> Helper T cell –> B cell –> Plasma cells –> Antibodies –> Memory cells

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15
Q

macrophages phagocytize what?

A

the antigen

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16
Q

macrophage breaks down the anitgen into?

A

epitope

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17
Q

processing is when?

A

the epitope is attached to MHC class 1 or 2

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18
Q

processed antigen is physically presented to ?

A

helper T cell (self)

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19
Q

IL1 is responsible for what?

A

activate the helper T cell

20
Q

IL1 is produced by?

A

macrophages

21
Q

cell to cell contact between the macrophage and the helper T happens through?

A

T cell receptor

22
Q

which cell will recognize which response is needed?

A

helper T cells

23
Q

cell to cell contact and chemical stimulation of the helper T cells and cytotoxic cells will cause what to happen?

A

activated cytotoxic t cells –> cytotoxic cell division

24
Q

cell to cell contact happens by what means?

A

T cell receptors and the release of IL2 by helper T cells

25
Q

what happens when the cytotoxic T cells are activated?

A

start to divide, produce more memory cells, cytotoxic cells begin to act,

26
Q

what happens to the memory cells once made by the cytotoxic T cells?

A

they are stored until the anitgen is encoutered again

27
Q

activated cytotoxic T cells will generate what?

A

lymphokines

28
Q

what do lymphokines do?

A

they will kill any cell possessing the antigen that started off the process

29
Q

what are lymphokines produced as?

A

granzymes

30
Q

granzymes means what?

A

the lymphokines are packaged and released to NEARBY specific site

31
Q

processed antigen moves where before being presented to the helper T cell?

A

plasma membrane

32
Q

in a humoral response what the helper T cell is stimulated it will release?

A

B cell

33
Q

how is the B cell activated?

A

T cell receptor touches IgD on the B cell and helper T cell released IL2

34
Q

what happens once the B cells are activated?

A

start to divivde to produce clone plasma cells, will also produce memory cells

35
Q

what do the memory cells turn into when in a humoral response when activated?

A

plasma cells

36
Q

which cells of the humoral response produce antibodies that will react with anything carrying the antigen that started the process?

A

plasma cells

37
Q

which Ig is made by the plasma cells in the humoral response?

A

IgM

38
Q

primary response is when?

A

the first time the response occurs

39
Q

the secondary response is?

A

what occurs every other time the same antigen is encountered

- memory part

40
Q

primary response lag time?

A

7-10 days

41
Q

primary repsonse duration?

A

3-4 weeks

42
Q

primary response strength

A

moderate levels of antibodies

43
Q

primary response class of antibody?

A

typically IgM

44
Q

secondary response (anamnestic) lag time?

A

1-2 days

45
Q

secondary response (anamnestic) duration?

A

months to years

46
Q

secondary response (anamnestic) strength

A

high levels of antibodies

47
Q

secondary response (anamnestic) class of antibody?

A

IgG

Microbiology (12 decks)

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