serology Flashcards
serology allows you to see how what happens?
the binding of Ag/Ab
Agglutination
Particulate or cell associated antigen,
Antibodies can bind more than 1 antigen, and will cross link the particles
Agglutination, when clumping occurs what does that indicate?
presence of antigen when specific antibody is added
Agglutination can be used in
ABO blood typing, testing for the Rh antigen, serotyping bacteria
Precipitation
Soluble antigens are detected in fluids or in gels
positive reading of a Precipitation test?
Cloudiness or turbidity indicates presence of antigen when antibody is added
if used gels for Precipitation what would be a positive reading?
Lines of precipitate are visible in gels if antigens in one well diffuse and mix with antibodies in another
Fluorescent Antibody (FA) Techniques
Fluorescent dyes are easy to see with a fluorescent microscope
Where ever the antibody goes, the dye will go, and can be detected
in a Fluorescent Antibody (FA) Techniques what part of the AB are the flourescent dyes attached?
You can attach fluorescent dyes onto the Fc portion of antibodies
ELISA
Enzyme linked immunosorbant assays
- Some enzyme-substrate complexes will give a colored compound
where is the enzyme attached to on the AB in a ELISA?
the Fc portion
how to conduct a ELISA and read for positive results?
Attach enzyme to Fc portion of antibody
Allow antibody to attach
Add substrate, watch for color change
If color change occurs, it indicates the antibody has attached to an antigen
Western Blot
A mixture of electrophoresis and FA
Western Blot is used for
Used to confirm positive ELISA reactions for HIV infection
how does the western blot work?
Protein electrophoresis spreads out serum proteins based on charge
Transferred to nitrocellulose paper
Protein identified by FA
