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Microbiology > Micro - Unique Bacterial Groups (Non-spore former/Mollicutes/Chlamydial/Rickettsial) > Flashcards

Micro - Unique Bacterial Groups (Non-spore former/Mollicutes/Chlamydial/Rickettsial) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • Non spore forming Anaerobes
  • Mollicutes (Genus Mycoplasma)
  • Chlamydial
  • Rickettsial

Are all what kind of bacteial groups?

A

Unique Bacterial Groups

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2
Q

Can non-spore forming anerobes survies in o2?

A

No!

any amount of o2 will kill the bacteria

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3
Q

Why can non-spore forming anerobes not survive in o2?

A

Because they don’t form spores

*remember that spore forming

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4
Q

Since non-spore forming anaerobes can’t survive in o2, the diseases will be?

A

Endogenous - ds. will come from within

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5
Q

Why are non-spore forming anerobes difficult to ID, study and grow in the lab?

A

Because any amout of o2 will kill them

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6
Q

What is the shape of non-spore forming anaerobes?

A

Highly plemorphic - many shapes and they can change shape

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7
Q

Are non-spore forming anaerobe infections caused by ONE organism?

A

NO!

They are caused by mixed populations

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8
Q

What type of media is required for non-spore forming anerobes?

A

PRAS media

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9
Q

What does PRAS stand for?

A

Pre-reduced, anaerobically sterile

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10
Q

Do non-spore forming anaerobes grow rapidly or slow?

A

Slow growth

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11
Q

What type of staining is used to identify non-spore forming anaerobes?

A

Variable stainings

Could be half +/half -

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12
Q

How are non-spore forming anaerobes identified?

A

GLC (gas liquid chromatography) profiles: ID by fatty acid profiles

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13
Q

What are the technical problems you will run across with non-spore forming anaerobes?

A
  • Shape: Highly pleomorphic
  • Polymicrobic: NOT caused by ONE organism but MANY
  • Anaerobiosis: must maintain anaerobic conditions at all times
  • Variable staining: could be half+/half-
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14
Q

Pleomorphic

A

Many shapes

The pic shows how there are many different shapes in the slide

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15
Q

Polymicobial

A

Infections caused by MANY organisms not just one

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16
Q

Anaerobiosis

A

Anaerobic conditions must be maintain at ALL times. Any amout of o2 will kill the bacteria

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17
Q

Variable Staining

A

stains of the bacteria can be different colors

i.e. a gram stain will be more than one color (half+/half-). Making you think 2 organisms are present but it’s really only one

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18
Q

Most non-spore forming anaerobe infections are Endogenous or Exdogenous?

A

Endogenous - normal intestinal or respiratory flora get out of its normal area

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19
Q

Where in the body will you find many non-spore forming anaerobes?

A
  • Intestinal tract
  • In the mouth
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20
Q

What is the typical lesion for a non-spore forming anaerobe?

A

Abscesses

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21
Q

When should you think a non-spore forming anaerobe is present?

A

When there are internal abcesses

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22
Q

What is an example of a non-spore forming anaerobe?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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23
Q

What type of flora is Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Intestinal normal flora

** makes up the majority of intestinal normal flora

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24
Q

What type of infections are present with Bacteroides fragilis

A

Endogenous infections (abcesses)

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25
Q

What would make you think Bacteroides fagilis is present?

A
  • Inestinal ruptures (knife wounds/gun shot wounds)
  • Bursting appendix
  • Abdominal damage
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26
Q

Is Bacteroides fragilis gram variable and pleomorphic?

A

NO (the exception to non-spore forming charateristics)

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27
Q

Is Bacteroides fragilis gram + or gram -?

A

Gram -

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28
Q

What shape is Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Bacillus

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29
Q

What are the virulence factors of Bacteroides fragilis?

A
  • polysaccharide capsule - they often get out of their normal locations and need the capsule for protection
  • Endotoxin - endotoxins are found in the lipid A componet of a gram- cell wall and these gram-
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30
Q

Are Bacteroides fragilis naturally resistant to anibiotics?

A

YES

** it’s an internal organism and any anitbiotics you ingest it most likely comes in to contact with it as well

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31
Q

What is unique about Mollicutes?

A

Naturaly cell wall deficient or cell wall defective bacteria

32
Q

What is an example of a Mollicutes

A

Mycoplama pneumoniae

33
Q

what ds. does Mycoplama pneumoniae cause?

A

Primary atypical pneumonia (“walking pneumonia”)

Primary: causes initial damage

Aypical: not as severe as most pneumonia

34
Q

Does Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a cell wall?

A

No

35
Q

What are the virulence factors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Adhesion protein

Able to stop ciliary motion - causes initial primary damage in respiratory tract

36
Q

Will Mycoplasma pneumoniae gram stain?

A

No

** gram stain is based on cell wall and this organism doesn’t have a cell wall

37
Q

What are factors that will help you dermine Mycoplasma pneumoniae is present?

A
  • Symptoms and lack of isolation of other “usual suspect” pathogens
  • Typical colonies on selective media (“fried egg appearance)
  • Serology: “cold agglutinins” - anitbodies that will agglutinate under cold temps
38
Q

Members of the genus Chlamydia resemble what?

A

Viral life cycle

  • Inactive elementary body: infectious
  • Active reticulate body: replicates once inside
39
Q

What type of infections will be present with the genus Chlamydia?

A

Subclinical infections

** the organism/ds. is present but no signs/symptoms are shown.

** Benifical to the organism b/c a person won’t know they have been infected and the orgnaism can continue to spead

40
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis is sub classified into what?

A

Many seriological types

  • A,B,C
  • D-K
  • L
41
Q

What organism is the world’s leading cause of blindness?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serological types A,B, and C

42
Q

What symptoms will you see with Chlamydia trachomatis serological type A,B and C?

A
  • Inflammation in eyes causes eye lashes to turn inward
  • scratching/scarring of cornea
  • secondary bacterial infections
43
Q

What organism causes genital infections called “chlamydia”?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serological types D-K

44
Q

What symptoms will you see with Chlamydia trachomatis serological types D-K?

A

Inflammation in genital tract may cause pelvic inflammatory ds. and sterility

45
Q

What organism is responsible for the most common STD in the US?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serological types D-K

46
Q

Will a patient who has Chlamydia trachomatis serological types D-K know they have it?

A

More than likely NO

Most cases are subclinical (some symptoms but not harsh ones)

People mainly find out they have it upon other examinations (i.e. such as a well womans exam)

47
Q

Cervical symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis serological types D-K

A

Most women won’t know they have it. It’s normal for women to have some discharge so they probably would not think it’s due to Chlamydia

48
Q

Male symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis serological types D-K

A

Most men will not k now they have it b/c the discharge is not as prominent as seen in gonarrhea

49
Q

What was Chlamydia trachomatis serological types D-K used to be referred as?

A

“non-gonococcal urethritis”

** b/c it resemebled gonarrhea but symptoms are not as harsh

50
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum (LVG) is an uncommon STD due to which organism?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serological type L

51
Q

What symptoms will you find in Lymphogranuloma venereum (LVG)?

A

Ulcerating lesion in genital tract

52
Q

Which organism is a zoonosis of parrots and parakeets?

A

Chlamydia psittacii

53
Q

What ds. does Chlamydia psittacii cause?

A

“Parrot fever” - human ds./respiratory infection

54
Q

How is Chlamydia psittacii spread?

A

Inhalation of bird feces

55
Q

What is Family Rickettsiaceae?

A

Group of related genera including:

  • Rickettsia
  • Orientia
  • Coxiella
  • Ehrlichia
56
Q

What are common characterisitics of the genera that fall in the Family Rickettsiaceae?

A
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • Resemble gram- coccobacilli
  • Some spread by arthopods
  • Common sympt: headache/rash/fever
  • Distinguished by where rash starts (extremities/truck/generalized)
57
Q

What organism causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

**BOARD QUESTION

58
Q

How is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever spread?

A

Tick bourne

** BOARD QUESTION

59
Q

What symptoms will you see with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Rash (starts on extremities)

** BOARD QUESTION

60
Q

What organism causes epidemic typhus (aka Brill Zinnser ds.)?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

61
Q

How is Typhus (Brill Zinnser ds.) spread?

A

Lice

(louse is the singular of lice - she mentioned she can put either on the exam)

62
Q

What symptoms will you see with Typhus (Brill Zinnser ds.)?

A
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Rash - starts on the truck
63
Q

What organism causes Scrub Typhus?

A

Orientia species

64
Q

How is Scrub Typhus spread?

A

Mites

65
Q

What symptoms will you see with Scrub Typhus?

A
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Rash - starts in the trunk
66
Q

What organism causes Q Fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

67
Q

What does the Q in Q Fever stand for?

A
  • Queensland Australia or…
  • Question mark (didn’t know what caused the condition)
68
Q

How is Q Fever spread?

A
  • Respiratory route
  • Drinking unpasteurized milk
69
Q

What symptoms will you see in Q Fever?

A

Prlonged high fever

** no rash/headache/arthropod vector

70
Q

What other organisms spread through unpasteurized milk?

A
  • Mycobacterium bovis
  • Listeria monocytogenase
71
Q

How could you differentiate Coxiella burnetti from Mycobacterium bovis?

A

M.bovis - is acid fast positive bacilli

C.burnetti - resembles gram- coccobacilli

72
Q

How could you differentiate Coxiella burnetti from Listeria monocytogenase?

A

L.monocytogenase - gram+ bacili

C.burnetti - resembles gram- coccbacili

73
Q

What organism causes Ehrlichiosis?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

74
Q

How is Ehrlichiosis spread?

A

Tick bourne (lone star tick)

75
Q

What symptoms will you see with Ehrlichiosis?

A
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Atypical leukocytes

Microbiology (12 decks)

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