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exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are common characteristics of Staphlococcus?

A

gram positive
coccus (round)
catalase positive

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2
Q

Where can you typically find staphylococcus organisms?

A

normal flora on skin and nasal passages

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3
Q

What protein is in the cell wall of staphylococcus aureus?

A

Protein A

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4
Q

What does staphylococcus aureus look like in a colony?

A

golden-yellow

smooth

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5
Q

What type of hemolytic reaction will staphylococcus aureus look like on a blood agar plate?

A

beta

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6
Q

A positive reaction for catalase will look like what?

A

bubbles

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7
Q

What is being used to perform a catalase reaction?

A

hydrogen peroxide

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8
Q

How will staphylococcus aureus test for a coagulase test?

A

positive

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9
Q

What does a beta hemolytic reaction on a blood agar plate indicate?

A

complete breakdown of red blood cells

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10
Q

What organism should come to mind first with any inflammatory skin case history?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

What test should you run first if you suspect staphylococcus aureus?

A

gram stain if it positive- it can indicate this organism

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12
Q

What major disease is staphylococcus aureus associated with?

A

skin infections (boils, abscess, impetigo)

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13
Q

How many causes can generic disease have?

A

multiple

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14
Q

How many causes can a named disease have?

A

usually related to ONE organism

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15
Q

What organism is involved in Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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16
Q

What organism is involved in Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

What organism is involved in Necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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18
Q

What toxin is associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome 1?

A

Exotoxin c

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19
Q

What effect does Exotoxin c have?

A

pyrogenic accompanied with fever, sore throat, rash, muscle pain

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20
Q

What toxin is associated with enteric symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

Enterotoxin F

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21
Q

What are the symptoms related to Enterotoxin F?

A

enteric symptoms

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22
Q

What do systemic symptoms imply?

A

organism has gained access into the blood, either the product or the organism

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23
Q

What toxin is associated with Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

Exfoliatin toxin

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24
Q

What organism can cause a syndrome that resembles a sever sunburn?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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25
Q

Is staphylococcal food poisoning a food infection of intoxication?

A

food intoxication

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26
Q

What enterotoxin is present in Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

Enterotoxin A or D

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27
Q

A presence of enterotoxin A or D indicates what?

A

Staphylococcal food poisoning

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28
Q

Food intoxication indicates what has been ingested?

A

toxin

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29
Q

Food infection indicates what has been ingested?

A

organism

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30
Q

You are on a date and eat a yummy creamy potato salad, on the drive home your stomach does not feel good. You pull over and have explosive diarrhea and projectile vomiting. What organism is responsible for your condition?

A

staphylococcal aureus food poisoning

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31
Q

Will a food infection or food intoxication have a longer incubation time?

A

food infection because the organism has to get established to then produce the toxin

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32
Q

You have a gram positive cocci, what test do you run next to gain more information? What organism do you suspect?

A

catalase test

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermis

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33
Q

You have a gram positive cocci that has a positive catalase test, what test do you run next? What organisms do you suspect?

A

coagulase test
Staphylococcus aureus- will be positive
Staphylococcus epidermis - will be negative

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34
Q

What are virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

coagulase
antibiotic resistance to penicillinase

Different strains have different toxins:
Exfoliatin toxin
Endotoxin c
Enterotoxins A, D or F

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35
Q

What does penicillinase do?

A

a beta lactamase that targets penicillin

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36
Q

What does MRSA mean?

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

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37
Q

You have a gram positive, catalase positive cocci. You run a coagulase test, and it is negative. What organism do you suspect?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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38
Q

How will staphylococcus epidermidis test for coagulase?

A

NEGATIVE

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39
Q

Where do you normally find staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

normal flora
skin
respiratory tract

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40
Q

What organism sticks to things and is a problem with sticking to metal or plastic medical devices?

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

can stick to heart valves, catheters, prosthetics

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41
Q

What organism is life threating if it enters the blood stream?

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

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42
Q

You’ve had a heart valve replacement and 2 weeks later you have a gram positive cocci in your blood. Can you state the it is Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

NO, the situation says maybe. Further testing needs to be done

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43
Q

What does alpha hemolysis look like?

A

incomplete, green hemolysis

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44
Q

What does gamma hemolysis look like?

A

no hemolysis occurred

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45
Q

What organism would requires a hemolysis test in order to differentiate strains?

A

Streptococcus

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46
Q

The organism is a gram positive coccus, catalase negative. What organism genus do you suspect and what test will you run next?

A

Streptococcus

hemolysis test

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47
Q

Where is streptococcus normally found?

A

normal flora, respiratory tract

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48
Q

What does Lancefield test for?

A

cell wall carbohyrdrates

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49
Q

When would you use a Lancefield test?

A

If you have a beta or gamma positive hemolytic test

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50
Q

What organism does not have any unique carbohydrates in their cell walls?

A

alpha streptococci

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51
Q

How does Streptococcus pyogenes most commonly present?

A

pharyngitis (sore throat)

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52
Q

You have an organism that gram positive, beta hemolytic and Group A for the Lancefield test. What organism is it?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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53
Q

What antibiotic is streptococcus pyogenes sensitive to?

A

bacitracin

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54
Q

How does streptococcus pyogenes present in a catalase test?

A

negative

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55
Q

If you have a patient that has inflamed skin lesions or impetigo, what microbiology test would you run to discern what organism could be causing this presentation?

A

catalase test to discern between staphylococcus aureus (catalase positive) and streptococcus pyogenes (catalase negative)

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56
Q

What organism is responsible for scarlet fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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57
Q

What names diseases is streptococcus pyogenes responsible for?

A

scarlet fever
rheumatic fever- autoimmune condition
glomerulonephritis- auto immune conditions

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58
Q

What is the virulence factor of scarlet fever?

A

streptococcus pyogenes using erythrogenic toxin

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59
Q

What highly invasive species cause massive tissue damage in a relatively short time?

A

necrotizing fasciitis

can be caused by:

streptococcus pyogenes
staphylococcus aureus

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60
Q

those individuals that have recurrent streptococcal infections as children will develop what later in life?

A

autoimmune related conditions later in life
rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis

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61
Q

You have an organism that gram positive, beta hemolytic and Group B for the Lancefield test. What organism is it?

A

streptococcus agalactia

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62
Q

Where is streptococcus agalactia found?

A

normal vaginal flora

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63
Q

What disease is streptococcus agalactia associated with?

A

neonatal meningitis

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64
Q

How would you tell the top two beta hemolytic streptococci apart?

A

Lancefield test

Streptococcus agalactia- group B

Streptococcus pyogenes- group A

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65
Q

You see a baby with neonatal meningitis. What organism do you suspect?

A

streptococcus agalactia

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66
Q

You have an organism that gram positive, alpha hemolytic test with a large polysaccharide capsule. What organism is it?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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67
Q

What organism has cells that appear in pairs, flattened or almond shaped?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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68
Q

What organism is sensitive to optochin?

A

streptococcus pneumonia

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69
Q

What organism is soluble in bile?

A

streptococcus pneumonia

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70
Q

You see a gummy appearance to your culture on a blood agar plate, and notice the cratering effect. What test would you run next to determine what this organism is?

A

either bile solubility test or optochin sensitivity to provide results that it is streptococcus pneumonia

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71
Q

You have an organism that gram positive, alpha hemolytic. What test do you run next to determine what organism is it?

A

bile solubility or optochin sensitivity to provide results that it is streptococcus pneumonia

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72
Q

What are the following diseases associated with:
pneumonia (elderly and compromised)
meningitis (adults)
otitis media (children)

A

streptococcus pneumonia

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73
Q

What organism is responsible for meningitis in adults?

A

streptococcus pneumonia

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74
Q

What organism is associated with subacute endocarditis?

A

streptococcus viridans

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75
Q

What are all other opportunistic alpha hemolytic streptococci collectively called?

A

streptococcus viridans

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76
Q

Where is streptococcus viridans normally found?

A

normal flora of upper respiratory tract

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77
Q

You have a gram positive, coccus shaped, catalase negative, gamma hemolytic, Lancefield group D organism. What is the organism?

A

enterococcus faecalis

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78
Q

Where do you normally find enterococcus faecalis

A

normal fecal flora

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79
Q

What organism that is a gram positive cocci is the most common cause of UTIs?

A

enterococcus faecalis

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80
Q

if you are dealing with the genus Streptococcus/ Enterococcus, what is the order of tests you would run to ID organisms in this genus?

A 
Gram Stain: Positive
Shape: coccus
Catalase: negative
Hemolytic Pattern ( A, B, G)
Lancefield grouping (Beta or Gamma)
Bile solubility for alpha
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81
Q

If you are dealing with staphylococcus aureus, what is the order of test you would run to ID the organism as this?

A

Gram Stain: Positive
Shape: coccus
Catalase: positive
Coagulase: positive

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82
Q

If you are dealing with staphylococcus epidermidis, what is the order of test you would run to ID the organism as this?

A

Gram Stain: Positive
Shape: coccus
Catalase: positive
Coagulase: negative

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83
Q

What special test is ran for genus Neisseria?

A

carbohydrate fermentation tests

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84
Q

Where do you find Neisseria normally?

A

normal flora of upper respiratory tract

lower genital tract

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85
Q

You have an organism that is gram negative, cocci shape, and oxidase positive. what is the organism you suspect and what test should you run next?

A

Neisseria

carbohydrate fermentation tests

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86
Q

What population does meningococcal meningitis effect? What is the name of the organism?

A

young adults

Neisseria meningitis

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87
Q

What are virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

polysaccharide capsule
endotoxin (gram - means this is the lipid A portion which means it is not easy to treat)
siderophore
IgAse

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88
Q

What does the endotoxin produce for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

rash and DIC

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89
Q 
You see the results for a carbohydrate fermentation test that result in the following:
\+GLU
\+MAL
-LAC
-SUC

What organism do you suspect?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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90
Q

What would you carbohydrate fermentation test look like for Neisseria meningitis?

A

+GLU
+MAL
-LAC
-SUC

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91
Q

What does DIC mean?

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

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92
Q

What type of gram stain that access the blood have the potential to cause what?

A

DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)

93
Q

What are the effects of the endotoxin released by Neisseria meningitis?

A

D: systemic damage
I: access to the bloodstream
C: Clotting of capillaries causing tissue death

94
Q

What virulence factor protects Neisseria meningitis in the bloodstream?

95
Q

Where is the carrier state of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

upper respiratory tract

96
Q

Where is the staphylococcus aureus carrier state?

A

upper respiratory tract

97
Q

Where is the streptococcus pneumoniae carrier state?

A

upper respiratory tract

98
Q

How is Nisseria meningitis transmitted?

A

respiratory

99
Q

What are the virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrheae?

A

pili
endotoxin
IgAse

100
Q

What are complication of Neisseria gonnorrheae?

A

sterility
arthritis
Pelvic inflammatory disease

101
Q

How is Neisseria gonnorrheae transmitted?

A

sexually transmitted

102
Q

What type of environment does Neisseria gonorrheae prefer?

A 
capnophilic ( high carbon dioxide concentration)
strict mesophile (moderate temperatures)
103
Q

What type of environment does Neisseria meningitis prefer?

A 
capnophilic ( high carbon dioxide concentration)
strict mesophile (moderate temperatures)
104
Q

What is ophthalmia? What other organism is spread this way?

A

non STD of babies who pass through an infected birth canal of Neisseria gonorrheae
Streptococcus agalactia

105
Q

What does Neisseria gonnorrheae primarily effect?

A

genital tract

106
Q

How would male with Neisseria gonnorrheae present?

A

intense urinary pain
milky white penile discharge
gram stain is useful

107
Q

What makes diagnosis Neisseria gonorrheae difficult in females?

A

There are too many normal non pathogenic neisseriae present in the vaginal tract so the gram stain is not useful

108
Q

What will the carbohydrate fermentation results look like for Neisseria gonorrheae?

A

+GLU

  • MAL
  • LAC
  • SUC
109
Q

Is the organism is not matching N. gonorrheae or N. meningitidis, what is this referred to?

A

Non pathogenic Neisseriae

110
Q

When is the genus Neisseria, what is the protocol for ID?

A

gram stain: negative

Shape: coccus

oxidase: positive
This group is differentiated by the Carbohydrate fermentation reactions

111
Q

What is a gram positive that is an aerobic spore former?

112
Q

What is gram positive that is a anaerobic spore farmer?

A

clostridium

113
Q

You are enjoying the cheap Sunday Chinese Buffet at China King and get yourself a big scoop of fried rice. Shortly after stuffing yourself you are driving home and experience diarrhea and vomiting. What organism is responsible for this? Is this food intoxication or food infection?

A

Bacillus cereus- short incubation food poisoning

food intoxication

114
Q

What organism is responsible for emitic food poisoning?

A

Bacillus cereus- short incubation food poisoning

115
Q

What is the differences and similarities of Bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus food poisoning?

A

Bacillus cereus:
fried rice
regular diarrhea and vomiting

Staphylococcus aureus:
creamy
violent diarrhea and vomiting

Same:
rapid incubation
food intoxications
duration is self limiting

116
Q

What is organism is sometimes called diarrheal food poisoning?

A

Bacillus cereus- long incubation food poisoning

117
Q

You have some old dried milk mix in your pantry, you decide you need to use it in pinch. What organism might be implicated in this product?

A

Bacillus cereus long incubation food poisoning

118
Q

What are symptoms of Bacillus cereus long incubation food poisoning? What is another organism that this could be confused with?

A

abdominal pain and diarrhea

Clostridium perfringens BUT THIS IS A FOOD INFECTION FROM SLOW COOKED MEAT DISHES

119
Q

You are using your new crock pot to slow cook your meat stew. What organism might be lurking to cause you abdominal pain and diarrhea in a day or so?

A

Clostridium perfringens- FOOD INFECTION

120
Q

What is the major pathogen in genus Bacillus?

A

Bacillus anthracis

121
Q

What is the organism that uses the zoonosis of large food animals (cows, sheep, goats)?

A

Bacillus anthracis

122
Q

What zoonosis does Bacillus anthracis use?

A

large food animals

  • cows
  • sheep
  • goats
123
Q

How is Bacillus anthracis transmitted?

A

through spores

124
Q

What are the 2 forms of Bacillus anthracis?

A

cutaneous- open wound

pulmonary- fatal

125
Q

What is the lesion of cutaneous anthrax called?

126
Q

Is the cutaneous form of anthrax fatal?

A

rarely- it remains localized to the skin

spores contaminate the open would

127
Q

What the pulmonary anthrax disease also known as?

A

woolsorter’s disease

128
Q

Where does bacillus anthracis- pulmonary replicate?

A

rapid replication in the lungs

129
Q

What is the virulence factor of pulmonary bacillus anthracis?

A

spores
capsule: poly D glutamic acid
exotoxin that causes edema, protective antigen and is the lethal factor

130
Q

Is a natural pulmonary bacillus anthracis likely to occur?

A

NO THAT IS RARE

SPORES HAVE TO BE THE RIGHT SIZE AND SHAPE

131
Q

What can help clear bacillus anthracis?

A

penicillin but this is TIME sensitive

132
Q

What organism has an amino acid based capsule?

A

Bacillus anthracis

133
Q

Who should get a vaccine for Bacillus anthracis?

A

military

large animal vets

134
Q

What organism has a poly D glutamic acid capsule

A

Bacillus

anthracis

135
Q

What can the strains of Clostridium perfringens produce?

A

gas gangrene

food poisoning

136
Q

How would you come into contact with clostridium perfringens that causes gas gangrene?

A

spores in the soil contaminate deep wounds

137
Q

How does tissue damage occur if you come into contact with clostridium perfringens that causes gas gangrene?

A

organism spreads and releases enzymes
enzymes kill more tissues, spread continues
circulation shuts down

138
Q

Where do spores germinate for clostridium perfringens?

A

in damaged tissues

139
Q

How would you have to treat clostridium perfringens gas gangrene?

A

antibodies and antibiotics can’t reach, amputation is used to stop the spread

140
Q

What are the major enzymes associated with gas gangrene?

A

proteases

lipases

141
Q

What are the major toxins associated with gas gangrene?

A

Alpha toxin

lethicinase (phospholipase C)

142
Q

What does lethicinase attack?

A

phospholipids

143
Q

What organism is associated with gas gangrene?

A

a strain of Clostridium perfringens

144
Q

Is gas gangrene considered flesh eating?

A

NO- due to the longer time of onset and progression

145
Q

What is consumed with Clostridium perfringens food poisonings?

A

spore

This is a food infection

146
Q

What toxins are produced with clostridium perfringens food poisonings?

A

enterotoxins

147
Q

What are the symptoms you will experience with Clostridium perfringens food poisonings?

A

abdominal cramps

diarrhea

148
Q

Where would you normally find clostridium difficile?

A

normal enteric flora

149
Q

What is pseudomembranous colitis associated with?

A

Clostridium difficile

150
Q

How does clostridium difficile become overgrown in the normal enteric flora?

A

There is a decrease of gram negative flora, allowing for this gram positive flora to overtake- causing for a superinfection

151
Q

What toxins are associated with Clostridium difficile?

A

Endotoxin A: enterotoxin

Exotoxin B: cytotoxin

152
Q

What do the lesions of Clostridium difficile consist of?

A

bacterial cells
damaged tissues
neutrophils (because of the inflammatory response)

153
Q

Examining Clostridium difficile, would there be intestinal damage or rupture?

A

NO- LONG TERM ANTIBIOTIC USE IS MORE INDICATIVE THAT THIS ORGANISM IS THE PROBLEM

154
Q

Who is at risk of Clostridium difficile?

A

nursing home patients
hospice patients
long time antibiotic users
cancer patients

155
Q

The Exotoxin A of Clostridium difficile is what?

A

an enterotoxin

156
Q

The exotoxin B of clostridium difficile is what?

A

a cytotoxin

157
Q

What does the exotoxin of Clostridium tetani cause?

A

the neurotoxin blacks inhibitor of neurotransmitter (most often acetyl choline)

158
Q

You see someone you has suffered a deep puncture wound while helping with hurricane demolition. They begin to have muscle contract that will not stop. what organism might be suspect for this?

A

clostridium tetani

159
Q

How does clostridium tetani enter the body?

A

spores enter through a deep puncture wound

160
Q

What is limited in deep wounds?

161
Q

Can clostridium tetani go systemic?

162
Q

What is causing the problem in tetanus, the organism or organism toxin?

A

toxin of Clostridium tetani

163
Q

What vaccine is used to stop Clostridium tetani?

A

DPT

- toxoid is the modified toxin

164
Q

How would you treat Clostridium tetani?

A

supportive thorough cleansing of wound
let wound bleed- flushing wound out
introduce oxygen with hydrogen peroxide

165
Q

What is the cause of death is Clostridium tetani is not treated?

A

respiratory failure

166
Q

What does clostridium botulism cause?

167
Q

Describe Spirochetes.

A

spiral shaped organisms
long and slender
differ in tightness of coils
highly motile: endoflagella (axial filaments)

168
Q

Would you run a gram stain if you suspect a spirochaete.

169
Q

Why is a gram strain problematic for spirochaete?

A

too thin- will stain gram negative

170
Q

What stain would you run is you suspect a spirochaete?

A

impregnation stains, darkfield and phase contrast microscopy

171
Q

Can spirochaete grow easily on artificial media?

172
Q

What organisms represent jags of lightening with darkfield/ silver impregnation stains?

A

spirochaetes

173
Q

What is the spirochaete that is the causative agent of syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

174
Q

How is Treponema pallidum transmitted and what does it cause?

A

sexually transmitted

syphilis

175
Q

Listeria monocytogenes and what spirochaete have what in common?

A

they cross the placenta

Treponema pallidum

176
Q

Treponema: What organism penetrates skin/ mucus membranes?

A

Treponema pallidum

177
Q

What is the lesion for primary syphilis called?

A

chancre

this will cause the individual to contaminate other parts of the body

178
Q

What level of syphilis have lesions on the palms?

179
Q

What levels of syphilis resolve spontaneously?

A

primary and secondary

180
Q

What levels of syphilis will respond to antibiotics?

A

primary

secondary

181
Q

What lesions are associated with tertiary syphilis?

A

gumma lesions

182
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is tertiary syphilis?

183
Q

What organ can tertiary syphilis harm?

A

heart- causing cardiovascular syphilis

CNS- neurosyphilis

184
Q

What is a gumma lesion?

A

infiltrative tumor of skin, bones associated with tertiary syphilis

185
Q

What organism is associated with Saber shins?

A

congenital syphilis- Treponema pallidum

186
Q

What organism is associated with Hutchinson’s Teeth?

A

congenital syphilis- Treponema pallidum

187
Q

When seeing the the organism is a spirocheate and STD, what comes to mind?

A

Treponema Pallidum

188
Q

What is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

189
Q

What is the reservoir of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

large number of animals- animals in the environment have the disease

190
Q

What is the vector of Borrelia burgodoferi?

A

tick borne (lxodes species)

191
Q

Where is a high incidence of Lyme disease?

A

New England

AKA Where AJ is from lol

192
Q

What organism is associated with Deer Disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

193
Q

What do the effects of Borrelia burgdorferi present with in phase 1?

A

bulls eye rash (erythema migrans)

194
Q

What do the effects of Borrelia burgdorferi present with in phase 2?

A

muscle pain
neurological involvement
cardiac symptoms (indicative of something in the bloodstream)

195
Q

What do the effects of Borrelia burgdorferi present with in phase 3?

A

debilitating arthritis

196
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer RX
This is causing the release of the spirochetes release toxins into the bloodstream. This is sometimes worse than the disease

197
Q

What are side effects of Jarisch-Herxheimer RX?

A 
inflammation
fever
headache
muscle pain
hyperventilation
vasodilation
decreased blood pressure
198
Q

What organism is spread through Leptospira interrogans?

A

ingestion with animal urine, most often dogs

199
Q

What organism has a zoonosis of dogs or small wild animals?

A

Leptospira interrogans

200
Q

What is the causative agent of leptosporosis?

A

leptospira interrogans

201
Q

What is the transmission of Leptospira interrogans considered?

202
Q

Is Leptospira interrogans cause for enteric disease?

203
Q

You have a patient that presents with neurological problems including weakness, dizziness, double vision, muscle paralysis. What organism is responsible?

A

Clostridium botulinum

204
Q

What is the most powerful toxin?

A

Botulinum toxin

205
Q

What bacteria has a role in SIDS?

A

clostridium botulinum

206
Q

What organism survives cold temperatures, high pH levels, high salt concentrations?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

207
Q

You have an immunocompromised system and are eating a tub of bluebell ice cream that recently got recalled. What is most likely the organism infecting the ice cream? What are you risk to develop?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

Meningitis

208
Q

What populations are at risk for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

fetuses
pregnant women
immunocompromised individuals

209
Q

How is Listeria monocytogenes transmitted?

A

foodborne
unpasteurized milk, milk products, cheese, ice cream
processed meats
raw vegetables and fruits

210
Q

Does listeria monocytogenes cause major enteric disease?

A

NO- most often mild enteric symptoms

211
Q

Does listeria monocytogenes cross the placenta?

A

yes- can result in abortion of the fetus

212
Q

Describe Corynebacterium

A

gram positive
club shaped ends to cells
Chinese lettering (X and V forms)
Metachromatic granules (shiney)

213
Q

What strain of Corynebacterium causes serious problems?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

214
Q

How does Corynebacterium diphtheriae start?

A

respiratory then goes systemically

215
Q

Where does the organism Corynebacterium diphtheriae remain?

A

localized in the respiratory tract

216
Q

Where does the toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae go?

A

toxin goes systemically

217
Q

You have a patient that is suffering chronic damage to the heart and central nervous system. what organism is responsible for this?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

218
Q

What disease causes a pseudo membrane in the back of throat?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Club sandwiches go to the back of the throat

219
Q

What is the disease process of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

organism inhaled, local colonization
inflammation of the pharynx (sore throat)
pseudo membrane in back of throat (tissue, dead cells, bacteria- can block air)
exotoxin produced (affects any cell it enters)

220
Q

What process does the exotoxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae affect?

A

protein synthesis

221
Q

What are the parts of the exotoxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Part A: biological activity

Part B: allows part of A to gain access to cell

222
Q

What is the virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

ADP ribosylating toxin (elongation factor affected and protein synthesis off)

223
Q

Describe the ADP ribosylating toxin affect of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

take NAD
splits off ADP ribose
attaches ADP ribose onto EF 2

224
Q

What does EF stand for?

A

elongation factor

225
Q

How many bacterial toxins have ADP Ribosylation?

A

5- the proteins being effected are not the same

226
Q

How can Corynebacterium be prevented?

A

DPT vaccine

227
Q

What population was highly effected by diphtheria?

A

infants and children

228
Q

What will kill Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

antibiotics will kill bacteria

antitoxins inactivate the toxin (toxin is the problem)

Microbiology (12 decks)

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