hypersensitivity reactions

Question 1

Hypersensitivity Reactions defined as

Answer 1

Excessive responses to certain antigens

Question 2

most common allergy?

Answer 2

type 1 response

Question 3

what does sudden re-exposure antigen mean?

Answer 3

that the first time the person comes in contact with the anitgent they are okay but when ‘re-exposed’ they represent with allergy

Question 4

what type of mediated response is type 1?

Answer 4

IgE

Question 5

give a local reaction of type 1?

Answer 5

hay fever, asthma

Question 6

give a systemic type 1 reaction?

Answer 6

anaphylactic shock

Question 7

what are mast cells and basophils?

Answer 7

granulocytic leukocytes

Question 8

what do granules contain?

Answer 8

serotonin, bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandins, and chemotactic factors

Question 9

activities of mast cells and basophils

Answer 9

production/release of mucus, closure of airways, inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, shock

Question 10

stage 1 of type 1 response is known as?

Answer 10

sensitization

Question 11

sensitization stage is when?

Answer 11

First exposure to antigen
IgE is produced instead of IgM
Attaches to mast cells or basophils by Fc
No release of mediators at this time
No indication that anything has happened
System has been primed

Question 12

stage 2 of type 1 reaction is?

Answer 12

mediator release

Question 13

what happens in the mediator release stage?

Answer 13

subsequent exposure to the same antigen
Cross linking of surface IgE
Mediator release
Effects due to where the reaction occurs

Question 14

presentation of type 1 systemic reaction?

Answer 14

rapid shock/death

Question 15

presentation of type 1 local reaction Allergic rhinitis (hay fever):
?

Answer 15

upper resp tract

Question 16

presentation of type 1 local reaction Asthma:

Answer 16

targets trachea and bronchi

Question 17

presentation of type 1 local Dermatitis (urticaria)?

Answer 17

targets skin
white swellings (wheals)
red itchy lesions (hives)
scaly lesions (eczema)

Question 18

how to Desensitization the persons of the allergen

Answer 18

-Allergy shots
-Inject small amount of allergen
-Try to tie up IgE so the molecules don’t cross react
-Risk of reaction is there
-In severe cases of allergy, may be better than
actual reaction

Question 19

why is IgE still produced?

Answer 19

parasites

Question 20

Type 2 involved what cell response?

Answer 20

complement mediated destruction of cell associated antigens

“cell associated cytotoxicity”

Question 21

which Ig’s are used in type 2 response?

Answer 21

G or M

Question 22

C3a and C5a do what?

Answer 22

anaphylotoxins

increased inflammation

increased vascular permeability

Question 23

C3a and C5a are present in which HSR?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

example of type 2?

Answer 24

ABO transfusion reactions and Rh incompatibility

Question 25

Type 3 involve which kind of mediated reactions?

Answer 25

deposited immune complexes

Question 26

immune complex disorder refers to?

Answer 26

type 3

Question 27

when Soluble antigens combine with antibodies to form complexes
this refers to which HSR?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

when do antigens become a problem when talking about a type 3 HSR?

Answer 28

when are out of the solution

Question 29

when is the complement activated in a type 3?

Answer 29

when the anitgen settle out

Question 30

local reaction of type 3

Answer 30

Arthus Reaction

Question 31

for type 3 Systemic reactions:

Answer 31

serum sickness

Question 32

type 4 is what type of reaction

Answer 32

cell mediated

“delayed hypersensitivity reactions”

Question 33

T cells and Macrophages take

take how long to respond in a type 4?

Answer 33

24-48 hours to respond