specialised cells

Question 1

describe how the structure of a squamous epithelial cell helps it to adapt with its function

Answer 1

> has a short diffusion distance so quick diffusion rate
reduces friction and aids blood flow

Question 2

describe the structure and function of a ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 2

> has 200-300 hair like protrusions called cilia which sweep away mucus and particles
has many mitochendria for more respiration to release more energy
nucleus is located towards base of cell

Question 3

describe structure and function of red blood cell

Answer 3

> has a circular shape (biconcave disc) to maximise surface area to volume ratio to facilitate diffusion of gases
has no nucleus so there is more space to carry oxygen
has haemoglobin - to bind with oxygen and carry around the body

Question 4

describe the structure and function of a sperm cell

Answer 4

> has a long tail to help it swim
has a large head which contains digestive enzymes
fertilises the egg

Question 5

describe the structure and function of a plant palisade cell

Answer 5

> has many chloroplasts in the top layer so it carries out lots of photosynthesis

Question 6

describe the structure and function of white blood cells

Answer 6

> lymphocytes: has large nucleus and many mitochondria and ribosomes (lots of protein synthesis requires energy to produce antibodies)
phagocytes: has a lobed nucleus which allows flexibility to squeeze through tissue to get to the affected area
engulf pathogens and releases antibodies and antitoxins