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Musculoskeletal Boards Prep > Special Tests: Test To Description > Flashcards

Special Tests: Test To Description Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior apprehension test

A

Supine, arm in 90 degrees abduction. Laterally rotate patients shoulder. Positive test is facial grimace or reports of apprehension
Anterior shoulder instability

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2
Q

Posterior apprehension test

A

Posterior shoulder instability
Supine with arm in 90 degrees flexion and medial rotation. Apply posterior force through long axis of the humerus. Positive test is facial grimace/ reports of apprehension

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3
Q

Ludington’s test

A

Indicative of rupture of long head of biceps
In sitting, clasp both hands behind the head with fingers interlocked. Alternately contract and relax biceps. Positive test is absence of movement in biceps tendon

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4
Q

Speed’s test

A

Indicative of bicipital tendinitis
Sitting or standing with elbow extended and forearm supinated. One hand over bicipital grove and other on volar forearm. Resist shoulder flexion. Positive with pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove

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5
Q

Yergason’s test

A

Indicative of bicipital tendinitis
Sitting with 90 degrees of elbow flexion and forearm pronated. Humerus stabilized against trunk. Resist supination and external rotation. Palpate bicipital groove. Positive is pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove

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6
Q

Drop arm test

A

Indicative of rotator cuff tear
Sitting or standing with the arm in 90 degrees abduction. Patient asked to slowly lower arm to side. Positive is inability to slowly lower arm or presence of severe pain

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7
Q

Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test

A

Indicative of shoulder impingement involving supraspinatus tendon
Sitting or standing. Therapist flexes shoulder to 90 degrees and medically rotates arm. Positive is pain

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8
Q

Neer impingement test

A

Indicative of shoulder impingement involving supraspinatus tendon
Sitting or standing. passive flexion of the shoulder with internal rotation. Positive is pain

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9
Q

Supraspinatus (empty can) test

A

Indicative of tear of supraspinatus tendon, impingement, or supra scapular nerve involvement
Arm in 90 degrees abduction and 30 degrees horizontal adduction, thumb pointing downwards. Resist abduction. Positive is weakness or pain

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10
Q

Adson maneuver

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet
Sitting or standing. Monitor radial pulse and ask patient to rotate head to face test shoulder. Then asked to extend head while therapist laterally rotates and extends the patients shoulder. Positive is indicated an absent or diminished pulse

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11
Q

Allen test

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet syndrome
Sitting or standing with arm in 90 degrees of abduction, lateral rotation and elbow flexion. Patient rotates head away from test shoulder. Therapist monitors radial pulse. Positive with absent or diminished pulse when head rotated away

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12
Q

Costoclavicular syndrome test (military brace)

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet caused by compression of subclavian artery between first rib and clavicle
Sitting, therapist monitors radial pulse. Assist patient to assume military posture

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13
Q

Roos test

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet syndrome
Sitting or standing with arms in 90 degrees of abduction, external rotation, elbow flexion. Open and close hands for 3 minutes. Positive by inability to maintain test position, weakness of the arms, sensory loss or ischemic pain

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14
Q

Wright test (hyperabduction test)

A

Indicative of compression in costoclavicular spine (Thoracic outlet)
Sitting or standing. Therapist moves patients arm overhead in the frontal plane while monitoring radial pulse. Positive is absent or diminished radial pulse

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15
Q

Cozen’s test

A

Indicative of lateral epicondylitis,
Sitting with elbow in slight flexion. Palpate and stabilize elbow at lateral epicondyle. Resist portion, radial deviation and extension of wrist. Positive is pain and muscle weakness

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16
Q

Lateral epicondylitis test

A

Extend 3rd digit against resistance, positive is muscle weakness and pain

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17
Q

Medial epicondylitis test

A

Indicative of medial epicondylitis.

Passively supinate, extend wrist and extend elbow. Pain is positive

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18
Q

Mills test

A

Indicative of lateral epicondylitis

Passively pronate forearm, flex wrist, extend the elbow. Pain in positive

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19
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

Tap at elbow or wrist- indicative of ulnar nerve at elbow, median (carpal tunnel) at wrist

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20
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament instability test

A

Indicative of tear– gamekeepers or skiers thumb

Hold thumb in extension and apply valgus force to MCP of thumb, positive is excessive valgus movement

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21
Q

Allen test

A

Indicative of occlusion in radial or ulnar artery
Open and close fist, maintain closed fat. Compress radial and ulnar arteries. Then relax hand and release pressure on one artery. Positive is delayed or absent flushing

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22
Q

Brunel-Littler test

A

MCP in slight extension. PT attempts to move PIP into flexion. If does not flex with MCP extended: tight intrinsic or capsular tightness. If flexes with MCP in slight flexion: intrinsic muscle tightness without capsular tightness

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23
Q

Tight retinacular ligament test

A

PIP in neutral while PT attempts to flex DIP. If unable to flex DIP, retinacular ligaments or capsule may be tight. If able to flex DIP when POP in flexion, capsule normal, ligaments tight

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24
Q

Froment’s sign

A

Indicative of ulnar nerve compromise or paralysis
Hold a piece of paper between thumb and index finger. Attempt to pull paper away. Positive test is patient flexing distal phalanx of thumb due to adductor pollicis muscle paralysis

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25
Q

Phalen’s test

A

Indicative of carpal tunnel
Maximal wrist flexion (reverse prayer) for 60 seconds. Positive is tingling in thumb, index finger, middle finger, lateral half of ring finger

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26
Q

Finkelstein test

A

Indicative of de Quervain’s
Make fist with thumb tucked inside. PT ulnar lay deviates wrist. Pain over abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons

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27
Q

Grind test

A

Indicative of CMC DJD

Compression and rotation through metacarpal of thumb, pain is positive

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28
Q

Murphy sign

A

Indicative of dislocated lunate.

Ask to make a fist, third metacarpal remains level with second and fourth metacarpal

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29
Q

Ely’s test

A

Indicative of rectus femoris contracture.

Passively flex knee in prone. Positive is spontaneous hip flexion

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30
Q

Ober’s test

A

Indicative of TFL tightness
Side lying wth lower leg flexed. Passively extend and abduct top leg, then slowly lower. Positive is inability to adduct and touch table

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31
Q

Piriformis test

A

Indicative of piriformis tightness or sciatic compression
Sidelying with test leg on top and hip flexed to 60 degrees. Stabilize pelvis and apply adduction force to knee. Positive is pain or tightness

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32
Q

Thomas test

A

Indicative of hip flexion tightness

Supine with legs fully extended, bring one knee to chest. Positive is straight leg rises from table

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33
Q

Tripod sign

A

Indicative of tight hamstrings
Sitting with knees flexed over edge of table. Passively extend one knee. Positive is extension of trunk or hamstring tightness

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34
Q

90-90 SLR test

A

Indicative of hamstring tightness
Supine, stabilize hip in 90 degrees flexion. Extend knee as much as possible. Positive is 20 degrees or more of knee flexion

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35
Q

Barlow’s test

A

Indicative of hip dysplasia (Peds)
Supine with hips flexed to 90 and knees flexed. Stabilize femur and pelvis and move test leg into adduction while applying forward pressure posterior to greater troch. Clunk or click is positive

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36
Q

Ortolani’s manuever

A

Indicative of hip dysplasia (Peds)
Supine with hips flexed to 90 and knees flexed. Abduct bilateral hips and gentle pressure at greater trochs until resistance felt at approx 30 degrees positive is click or clunk

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37
Q

Craig’s test

A

Prone with test knee flexed to 90. Palpate greater troch and rotate hip until greater troch level with table. Measure femoral anteversion with the lower leg and perpendicular to table. Normal for adult is 8-15 degrees anteversion

38
Q

Patrick’s (FABER)

A

Supine with test leg flexed, abducted, laterally rotated at hip onto other leg. PT slowly lowers test leg through abduction to table. Positive is failure of test leg to abduct below level of opposite leg. Indicative of iliopsoas, SI or hip joint abnormalities

39
Q

Quadrant scouring test

A

Indicative of arthritis, avascular necrosis or osteochondral defect of hip.
Patient in supine passively flex and adduct hip with knee in max flexion. Compressive force through shaft of femur. Positive is grinding, catching or crepitus in joint

40
Q

Trendelenburg test

A

Stand on one leg for 10 seconds. Positive is drop of pelvis, indicating weakness on stance leg

41
Q

Anterior drawer test

A

Indicative of ACL tear
Supine with knee flexed to 90 and hip to 45. Stabilize tibia by sitting on foot. Anterior force of tibia. Positive by excessive anterior translation

42
Q

Lachman test

A

Indicative of ACL injury
Supine with knee flexed to 20-30 degrees, stabilize distal femur. Apply anterior force to proximal tibia, positive excessive anterior translation

43
Q

Lateral pivot shift test

A

Indicative of anterolateral rotary instability of knee
Supine with hips flexed and abducted to 30 degrees with slight medial rotation. PT medically rotates tibia and applies valgus force to knee while knee slowly flexed. Positive is palpable shift or clunk between 20 and 40 degrees of flexion

44
Q

Posterior drawer test

A

Indicative of PCL tear
Supine with knee flexed to 90 and hip to 45. Stabilize tibia by sitting on foot. posterior force of tibia. Positive by excessive posterior translation

45
Q

Posterior sag sign

A

Indicative of PCL injury

Supine with knee flexed to 90 degrees and hip flexed to 45. Tibia sags on femur

46
Q

Slocum test

A

Indicative of anterolateral instability of knee.
Supine with knee flexed to 90 degrees and hip flexed to 45 degrees. Rotate foot 30 degrees medically to test anterolateral instability. Sit on forefoot. Administer anterior directed force to tibia. Positive is excessive lateral tibia movement

47
Q

Apleys compression test

A

Indicative of meniscal lesion.
Prone with knee flexed to 90. Stabilize femur, apply compression through heel while medially and laterally rotating tibia.
Positive indicated by pain or clicking

48
Q

Bounce home test

A

Indicative of meniscal lesion

Supine. PT grasps heel and maximally flexes knee. Passively extend knee. Positive is indicated by pain or clicking

49
Q

Mc Murray test

A

Indicative of posterior meniscal lesion
Supine, PT grasps distal leg and palpates knee joint line. Medially rotate tibia and extend he knee. Repeat with lateral rotation. Positive is click or pronounced crepitation over joint line

50
Q

Brush test

A

Indicative of effusion in knee. Start medially and inferiorly. Palpates proximal lay, hen down the lateral surface

51
Q

Patellar tap test

A

Indicative of joint effusion. Supine with knee flexed or extended to point of discomfort. Apply slight tap over patella. Positive if patella appears to be floating

52
Q

Clarkes sign

A

Indicative of Patellofemoral dysfunction
Supine with knees extended. Apply pressure distally with web space of hand at superior pole of patella. Ask to contract quad while maintaining pressure. Positive is failure to complete contraction without pain

53
Q

Hughston’s plica test

A

Supine, flex knee and medially rotate tibia while attempting to move patella medially and palpate medial femoral condolences. Positive is popping sound over medial plica

54
Q

Noble compression test

A

Indicative of IT band friction syndrome
Supine with hip slightly flexed and knee in 90 flexion. Pressure over lateral epicondyle of knee and maintain while slowly extending knee. Positive is pain at 30degrees knee flexion

55
Q

Patellar apprehension test

A

Indicative of patella subluxation or dislocation.
Supine with knees extended, both thumbs on medial border of patella and apply lateral force. Positive is look of apprehension or attempttocontract quad

56
Q

Anterior drawer test of ankle

A

Indicative of ATFL sprain
Stabilize tibia and fibula, hold foot in 20 degrees of plantar flexion and draw talus forward, positive is excessive anterior translation

57
Q

Talar tilt test

A

Indicative of calcaneofibula ligament sprain

Stabilize tib and fib. Tilt talus into abduction and adduction.excessive adduction is positive

58
Q

Thompson test

A

Indicative of ruptured Achilles

Squeeze muscle belly of gastroc soleus. Absence of plantar flexion is positive

59
Q

Tibial torsion test

A

Normal lateral rotation is 12-18 degrees in adult. Measure angle of knee and ankle

60
Q

Foraminifera (Spurling’s) compression

A

Indicative of nerve root compression

Sitting with head laterally flexed. Apply compression.positive is radiating pain

61
Q

Vertebral artery test

A

Supine. Passively extend, laterally flex and rotate head ipsilaterally, positive is dizziness, nystagmus, slurred speech or loss of consciousness:vertebral artery compression

62
Q

SI joint stress test

A

Supine, downward and lateral force to ASIS. Positive is unilateral pain in SI or gluteal area, indicative of SI joint dysfunction

63
Q

Sitting or standing flexion test

A

Palpate PSIS, bend forwards. Monitor for one moving farther, indicative of articular restriction

64
Q

Posterior internal impingement test

A

Identifies shoulder impingement
Supine. Move shoulder into 90 degrees abduction, max external rotation, 15-20 degrees horizontal adduction. Reproduction of pain in posterior shoulder is positive

65
Q

Clunk test

A

Indicative of glenoid labrum tear
Supine with shoulder in full abduction. Push numeral head anteriorly while rotating humerus externally. Positive is audible clunk

66
Q

AC shear test

A

Indicative of dysfunction of AC joint (I.e. Arthritis, separation)
Sitting with arm resting at side. Examiner clasps hands and places heel of one hand on spine of scapula and heel of other hand on clavicle. Squeeze hands together causing compression. Positive is pain in AC joint

67
Q

Median upper limb tension test

A 
Shoulder depression and abduction (110 degrees)
Elbow extension
Forearm supination
Wrist extension
Finger and thumb extension
Contra lateral cervical lateral flexion
68
Q

Radial nerve upper limb tension test

A 
Shoulder depression and 10 degrees abduction
Elbow extension
Forearm pronation
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
Finger and thumb flexion
Shoulder medial rotation
Cervical contra lateral lateral flexion
69
Q

Ulnar nerve upper limb tension test

A 
Shoulder depression and 10-90 degrees abduction with hand to ear (waiters position)
Elbow flexion
Forearm supination
Wrist extension and radial deviation
Fingers and thumb extension
Shoulder lateral rotation
Cervical contra lateral lateral flexion
70
Q

Median, axillary, musculo cutaneous nerve upper limb tension test

A 
Shoulder depression and abduction (10 degrees)
Elbow extension
Forearm supination
Wrist extension
Shoulder lateral rotation
Cervical contra lateral lateral flexion
71
Q

Pronator teres syndrome test

A

Identifies median nerve entrapment within pronator teres
Sitting with elbow in 90 degrees flexion and supported. Resist forearm pronation and elbow extension
Positive is tingling or paresthesia in median nerve distribution

72
Q

Reverse Lachman test

A

Indicates integrity of PCL
Patient prone with knees flexed to 30 degrees. Stabilize femur and passively try to glide tibia posterior. Positive is ligament laxity

73
Q

Q-angle measurement

A

Measurement of angle between the quadriceps muscle and patellar tendon
Normal is 13 for men, 18 for women

74
Q

Morton’s test

A

Identifies stress fracture or neuroma in forefoot
Patient supine with foot supported on table. Grasp around metatarsal heads and squeeze
Positive is pain in forefoot

75
Q

Transverse ligament stress test

A

Tests integrity of transverse ligament
Patient supine with head supported on table. Glide C1 anterior. Typically firm end feel. Positive findings: soft end feel, dizziness, nystagmus, lump sensation in through, nausea

76
Q

Anterior shear test

A

Assesses integrity of upper cervical spine ligaments and capsules
Patient supine with head supported on table. Glide c2-c7 anterior. Should be firm end feel. Laxity of ligaments is positive finding, as well as dizziness, nystagmus, a lump sensation in the throat, nausea

77
Q

Distraction test

A

Indicates compression of neural structures at the intervertebral foramen or facet joint dysfunction
Patient sitting with head passively distracted
Positive is reduction in symptoms in neck or decrease in upper limb pain

78
Q

Shoulder abduction test

A

Indicates compression of neural structures within intervertebral foramen
Patient sitting and asked to place one hand on top of their head. Repeat with opposite hand. Positive is decrease in symptoms into upper limb

79
Q

L’hermittes sign

A

Identifies dysfunction of spinal cord or upper motor neuron lesion
Long sitting on table. Passively flex patients head and one hip while keeping knee in extension. Repeat with other hip
Positive is pain down the spine and into limbs

80
Q

Slump test

A

Indicates dysfunction of neurological structures supplying the lower limb
Patient sitting on edge of table with knees flexed. Patient slump sits. Passively flex patients head and neck. Passively extend one knee. Passively dorsiflexion ankle of that limb. Repeat with opposite leg. Positive is reproduction of neurological symptoms

81
Q

Lasegue’s test (straight leg raising)

A

Identifies dysfunction of neurological structures supplying lower limb
Supine with legs resting on table. Passively flex one hip with knee extended until complains of shooting pain into lower limb. Lower limb until pain subsides then passively dorsiflexion foot. Positive is reproduction of pathological neurological symptoms when foot dorsi flexed

82
Q

Femoral nerve traction test

A

Identifies compression of femoral nerve
Lie on no painful side with trunk in neutral, head slightly flexed, and noninvolved hip and knee flexed. Passively extend hip while knee of painful limb in extension. If no reproduction of symptoms, flex knee of painful leg. Positive finding is neurological pain in anterior thigh

83
Q

Valsalva’s manuever

A

Identifies a space occupying lesion
Patient sitting, instruct patient to take deep breath and hold while they bear down. Positive finding is increased low back pain or Neuro symptoms into lower extremity

84
Q

Babinski test

A

Identifies upper motor neuron lesion
Supine or sitting
Glide bottom end of standard reflex hammer along plantar surface of patients foot
Positive is extension of big toe and splaying of other toes

85
Q

Stork standing test

A

Identifies spondylolisthesis
Patient stands on one leg. Cue patients to trunk extension, repeat on opposite leg.
Positive is pain in low back with ipsilateral leg on ground

86
Q

Gillet’s test

A

Assesses posterior movement of ilium relative to sacrum
Patient standing. Place thumb under PSIS of test limb and other thumb on center of sacrum at same level. Ask patient to flex hip and knee of test limb as if bringing knee to chest. PSIS should move in inferior direction. Positive is no identified movement of PSIS as compared to sacrum

87
Q

Gaenslen’s test

A

Identifies SIJ dysfunction
Sidelying at edge of table while bottom leg in max hip and knee flexion. Standing behind patient, passively extend top hip. Pain is positive

88
Q

Supine to sit test

A

Identifies dysfunction of SIJ that may be caused by functional leg length discrepancy
Supine with correct alignment. Sit up, abnormal finding is reversal in limb length

89
Q

Goldthwait’s test

A

Differentiates between dysfunction in lumbar spine versus SIJ
Supine with fingers in between spinous processes of lumbar spine. Passively perform SLR. If pain prior to palpation of movement in lumbar spine, dysfunction is SIJ

90
Q

Ottawa foot rules

A

Indication for X Ray to rule out fracture

Pain in mid foot AND: inability to bear weight for 4 steps, OR bone tenderness at navicular or base of 5th metatarsal

91
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

Indication for radiograph to rule out fracture
Pain in posterior half of lower 6 cm of medial or lateral malleolus AND: inability to bear weight 4 steps OR bone tenderness at posterior portion or tip or either malleolus

Musculoskeletal Boards Prep (13 decks)

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