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Musculoskeletal Boards Prep > Special Tests: Test To Description > Flashcards

Special Tests: Test To Description Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior apprehension test

A

Supine, arm in 90 degrees abduction. Laterally rotate patients shoulder. Positive test is facial grimace or reports of apprehension
Anterior shoulder instability

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2
Q

Posterior apprehension test

A

Posterior shoulder instability
Supine with arm in 90 degrees flexion and medial rotation. Apply posterior force through long axis of the humerus. Positive test is facial grimace/ reports of apprehension

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3
Q

Ludington’s test

A

Indicative of rupture of long head of biceps
In sitting, clasp both hands behind the head with fingers interlocked. Alternately contract and relax biceps. Positive test is absence of movement in biceps tendon

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4
Q

Speed’s test

A

Indicative of bicipital tendinitis
Sitting or standing with elbow extended and forearm supinated. One hand over bicipital grove and other on volar forearm. Resist shoulder flexion. Positive with pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove

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5
Q

Yergason’s test

A

Indicative of bicipital tendinitis
Sitting with 90 degrees of elbow flexion and forearm pronated. Humerus stabilized against trunk. Resist supination and external rotation. Palpate bicipital groove. Positive is pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove

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6
Q

Drop arm test

A

Indicative of rotator cuff tear
Sitting or standing with the arm in 90 degrees abduction. Patient asked to slowly lower arm to side. Positive is inability to slowly lower arm or presence of severe pain

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7
Q

Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test

A

Indicative of shoulder impingement involving supraspinatus tendon
Sitting or standing. Therapist flexes shoulder to 90 degrees and medically rotates arm. Positive is pain

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8
Q

Neer impingement test

A

Indicative of shoulder impingement involving supraspinatus tendon
Sitting or standing. passive flexion of the shoulder with internal rotation. Positive is pain

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9
Q

Supraspinatus (empty can) test

A

Indicative of tear of supraspinatus tendon, impingement, or supra scapular nerve involvement
Arm in 90 degrees abduction and 30 degrees horizontal adduction, thumb pointing downwards. Resist abduction. Positive is weakness or pain

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10
Q

Adson maneuver

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet
Sitting or standing. Monitor radial pulse and ask patient to rotate head to face test shoulder. Then asked to extend head while therapist laterally rotates and extends the patients shoulder. Positive is indicated an absent or diminished pulse

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11
Q

Allen test

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet syndrome
Sitting or standing with arm in 90 degrees of abduction, lateral rotation and elbow flexion. Patient rotates head away from test shoulder. Therapist monitors radial pulse. Positive with absent or diminished pulse when head rotated away

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12
Q

Costoclavicular syndrome test (military brace)

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet caused by compression of subclavian artery between first rib and clavicle
Sitting, therapist monitors radial pulse. Assist patient to assume military posture

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13
Q

Roos test

A

Indicative of thoracic outlet syndrome
Sitting or standing with arms in 90 degrees of abduction, external rotation, elbow flexion. Open and close hands for 3 minutes. Positive by inability to maintain test position, weakness of the arms, sensory loss or ischemic pain

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14
Q

Wright test (hyperabduction test)

A

Indicative of compression in costoclavicular spine (Thoracic outlet)
Sitting or standing. Therapist moves patients arm overhead in the frontal plane while monitoring radial pulse. Positive is absent or diminished radial pulse

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15
Q

Cozen’s test

A

Indicative of lateral epicondylitis,
Sitting with elbow in slight flexion. Palpate and stabilize elbow at lateral epicondyle. Resist portion, radial deviation and extension of wrist. Positive is pain and muscle weakness

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16
Q

Lateral epicondylitis test

A

Extend 3rd digit against resistance, positive is muscle weakness and pain

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17
Q

Medial epicondylitis test

A

Indicative of medial epicondylitis.

Passively supinate, extend wrist and extend elbow. Pain is positive

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18
Q

Mills test

A

Indicative of lateral epicondylitis

Passively pronate forearm, flex wrist, extend the elbow. Pain in positive

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19
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

Tap at elbow or wrist- indicative of ulnar nerve at elbow, median (carpal tunnel) at wrist

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20
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament instability test

A

Indicative of tear– gamekeepers or skiers thumb

Hold thumb in extension and apply valgus force to MCP of thumb, positive is excessive valgus movement

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21
Q

Allen test

A

Indicative of occlusion in radial or ulnar artery
Open and close fist, maintain closed fat. Compress radial and ulnar arteries. Then relax hand and release pressure on one artery. Positive is delayed or absent flushing

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22
Q

Brunel-Littler test

A

MCP in slight extension. PT attempts to move PIP into flexion. If does not flex with MCP extended: tight intrinsic or capsular tightness. If flexes with MCP in slight flexion: intrinsic muscle tightness without capsular tightness

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23
Q

Tight retinacular ligament test

A

PIP in neutral while PT attempts to flex DIP. If unable to flex DIP, retinacular ligaments or capsule may be tight. If able to flex DIP when POP in flexion, capsule normal, ligaments tight

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24
Q

Froment’s sign

A

Indicative of ulnar nerve compromise or paralysis
Hold a piece of paper between thumb and index finger. Attempt to pull paper away. Positive test is patient flexing distal phalanx of thumb due to adductor pollicis muscle paralysis

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25
Phalen's test
Indicative of carpal tunnel Maximal wrist flexion (reverse prayer) for 60 seconds. Positive is tingling in thumb, index finger, middle finger, lateral half of ring finger
26
Finkelstein test
Indicative of de Quervain's Make fist with thumb tucked inside. PT ulnar lay deviates wrist. Pain over abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons
27
Grind test
Indicative of CMC DJD | Compression and rotation through metacarpal of thumb, pain is positive
28
Murphy sign
Indicative of dislocated lunate. | Ask to make a fist, third metacarpal remains level with second and fourth metacarpal
29
Ely's test
Indicative of rectus femoris contracture. | Passively flex knee in prone. Positive is spontaneous hip flexion
30
Ober's test
Indicative of TFL tightness Side lying wth lower leg flexed. Passively extend and abduct top leg, then slowly lower. Positive is inability to adduct and touch table
31
Piriformis test
Indicative of piriformis tightness or sciatic compression Sidelying with test leg on top and hip flexed to 60 degrees. Stabilize pelvis and apply adduction force to knee. Positive is pain or tightness
32
Thomas test
Indicative of hip flexion tightness | Supine with legs fully extended, bring one knee to chest. Positive is straight leg rises from table
33
Tripod sign
Indicative of tight hamstrings Sitting with knees flexed over edge of table. Passively extend one knee. Positive is extension of trunk or hamstring tightness
34
90-90 SLR test
Indicative of hamstring tightness Supine, stabilize hip in 90 degrees flexion. Extend knee as much as possible. Positive is 20 degrees or more of knee flexion
35
Barlow's test
Indicative of hip dysplasia (Peds) Supine with hips flexed to 90 and knees flexed. Stabilize femur and pelvis and move test leg into adduction while applying forward pressure posterior to greater troch. Clunk or click is positive
36
Ortolani's manuever
Indicative of hip dysplasia (Peds) Supine with hips flexed to 90 and knees flexed. Abduct bilateral hips and gentle pressure at greater trochs until resistance felt at approx 30 degrees positive is click or clunk
37
Craig's test
Prone with test knee flexed to 90. Palpate greater troch and rotate hip until greater troch level with table. Measure femoral anteversion with the lower leg and perpendicular to table. Normal for adult is 8-15 degrees anteversion
38
Patrick's (FABER)
Supine with test leg flexed, abducted, laterally rotated at hip onto other leg. PT slowly lowers test leg through abduction to table. Positive is failure of test leg to abduct below level of opposite leg. Indicative of iliopsoas, SI or hip joint abnormalities
39
Quadrant scouring test
Indicative of arthritis, avascular necrosis or osteochondral defect of hip. Patient in supine passively flex and adduct hip with knee in max flexion. Compressive force through shaft of femur. Positive is grinding, catching or crepitus in joint
40
Trendelenburg test
Stand on one leg for 10 seconds. Positive is drop of pelvis, indicating weakness on stance leg
41
Anterior drawer test
Indicative of ACL tear Supine with knee flexed to 90 and hip to 45. Stabilize tibia by sitting on foot. Anterior force of tibia. Positive by excessive anterior translation
42
Lachman test
Indicative of ACL injury Supine with knee flexed to 20-30 degrees, stabilize distal femur. Apply anterior force to proximal tibia, positive excessive anterior translation
43
Lateral pivot shift test
Indicative of anterolateral rotary instability of knee Supine with hips flexed and abducted to 30 degrees with slight medial rotation. PT medically rotates tibia and applies valgus force to knee while knee slowly flexed. Positive is palpable shift or clunk between 20 and 40 degrees of flexion
44
Posterior drawer test
Indicative of PCL tear Supine with knee flexed to 90 and hip to 45. Stabilize tibia by sitting on foot. posterior force of tibia. Positive by excessive posterior translation
45
Posterior sag sign
Indicative of PCL injury | Supine with knee flexed to 90 degrees and hip flexed to 45. Tibia sags on femur
46
Slocum test
Indicative of anterolateral instability of knee. Supine with knee flexed to 90 degrees and hip flexed to 45 degrees. Rotate foot 30 degrees medically to test anterolateral instability. Sit on forefoot. Administer anterior directed force to tibia. Positive is excessive lateral tibia movement
47
Apleys compression test
Indicative of meniscal lesion. Prone with knee flexed to 90. Stabilize femur, apply compression through heel while medially and laterally rotating tibia. Positive indicated by pain or clicking
48
Bounce home test
Indicative of meniscal lesion | Supine. PT grasps heel and maximally flexes knee. Passively extend knee. Positive is indicated by pain or clicking
49
Mc Murray test
Indicative of posterior meniscal lesion Supine, PT grasps distal leg and palpates knee joint line. Medially rotate tibia and extend he knee. Repeat with lateral rotation. Positive is click or pronounced crepitation over joint line
50
Brush test
Indicative of effusion in knee. Start medially and inferiorly. Palpates proximal lay, hen down the lateral surface
51
Patellar tap test
Indicative of joint effusion. Supine with knee flexed or extended to point of discomfort. Apply slight tap over patella. Positive if patella appears to be floating
52
Clarkes sign
Indicative of Patellofemoral dysfunction Supine with knees extended. Apply pressure distally with web space of hand at superior pole of patella. Ask to contract quad while maintaining pressure. Positive is failure to complete contraction without pain
53
Hughston's plica test
Supine, flex knee and medially rotate tibia while attempting to move patella medially and palpate medial femoral condolences. Positive is popping sound over medial plica
54
Noble compression test
Indicative of IT band friction syndrome Supine with hip slightly flexed and knee in 90 flexion. Pressure over lateral epicondyle of knee and maintain while slowly extending knee. Positive is pain at 30degrees knee flexion
55
Patellar apprehension test
Indicative of patella subluxation or dislocation. Supine with knees extended, both thumbs on medial border of patella and apply lateral force. Positive is look of apprehension or attempttocontract quad
56
Anterior drawer test of ankle
Indicative of ATFL sprain Stabilize tibia and fibula, hold foot in 20 degrees of plantar flexion and draw talus forward, positive is excessive anterior translation
57
Talar tilt test
Indicative of calcaneofibula ligament sprain | Stabilize tib and fib. Tilt talus into abduction and adduction.excessive adduction is positive
58
Thompson test
Indicative of ruptured Achilles | Squeeze muscle belly of gastroc soleus. Absence of plantar flexion is positive
59
Tibial torsion test
Normal lateral rotation is 12-18 degrees in adult. Measure angle of knee and ankle
60
Foraminifera (Spurling's) compression
Indicative of nerve root compression | Sitting with head laterally flexed. Apply compression.positive is radiating pain
61
Vertebral artery test
Supine. Passively extend, laterally flex and rotate head ipsilaterally, positive is dizziness, nystagmus, slurred speech or loss of consciousness:vertebral artery compression
62
SI joint stress test
Supine, downward and lateral force to ASIS. Positive is unilateral pain in SI or gluteal area, indicative of SI joint dysfunction
63
Sitting or standing flexion test
Palpate PSIS, bend forwards. Monitor for one moving farther, indicative of articular restriction
64
Posterior internal impingement test
Identifies shoulder impingement Supine. Move shoulder into 90 degrees abduction, max external rotation, 15-20 degrees horizontal adduction. Reproduction of pain in posterior shoulder is positive
65
Clunk test
Indicative of glenoid labrum tear Supine with shoulder in full abduction. Push numeral head anteriorly while rotating humerus externally. Positive is audible clunk
66
AC shear test
Indicative of dysfunction of AC joint (I.e. Arthritis, separation) Sitting with arm resting at side. Examiner clasps hands and places heel of one hand on spine of scapula and heel of other hand on clavicle. Squeeze hands together causing compression. Positive is pain in AC joint
67
Median upper limb tension test
``` Shoulder depression and abduction (110 degrees) Elbow extension Forearm supination Wrist extension Finger and thumb extension Contra lateral cervical lateral flexion ```
68
Radial nerve upper limb tension test
``` Shoulder depression and 10 degrees abduction Elbow extension Forearm pronation Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation Finger and thumb flexion Shoulder medial rotation Cervical contra lateral lateral flexion ```
69
Ulnar nerve upper limb tension test
``` Shoulder depression and 10-90 degrees abduction with hand to ear (waiters position) Elbow flexion Forearm supination Wrist extension and radial deviation Fingers and thumb extension Shoulder lateral rotation Cervical contra lateral lateral flexion ```
70
Median, axillary, musculo cutaneous nerve upper limb tension test
``` Shoulder depression and abduction (10 degrees) Elbow extension Forearm supination Wrist extension Shoulder lateral rotation Cervical contra lateral lateral flexion ```
71
Pronator teres syndrome test
Identifies median nerve entrapment within pronator teres Sitting with elbow in 90 degrees flexion and supported. Resist forearm pronation and elbow extension Positive is tingling or paresthesia in median nerve distribution
72
Reverse Lachman test
Indicates integrity of PCL Patient prone with knees flexed to 30 degrees. Stabilize femur and passively try to glide tibia posterior. Positive is ligament laxity
73
Q-angle measurement
Measurement of angle between the quadriceps muscle and patellar tendon Normal is 13 for men, 18 for women
74
Morton's test
Identifies stress fracture or neuroma in forefoot Patient supine with foot supported on table. Grasp around metatarsal heads and squeeze Positive is pain in forefoot
75
Transverse ligament stress test
Tests integrity of transverse ligament Patient supine with head supported on table. Glide C1 anterior. Typically firm end feel. Positive findings: soft end feel, dizziness, nystagmus, lump sensation in through, nausea
76
Anterior shear test
Assesses integrity of upper cervical spine ligaments and capsules Patient supine with head supported on table. Glide c2-c7 anterior. Should be firm end feel. Laxity of ligaments is positive finding, as well as dizziness, nystagmus, a lump sensation in the throat, nausea
77
Distraction test
Indicates compression of neural structures at the intervertebral foramen or facet joint dysfunction Patient sitting with head passively distracted Positive is reduction in symptoms in neck or decrease in upper limb pain
78
Shoulder abduction test
Indicates compression of neural structures within intervertebral foramen Patient sitting and asked to place one hand on top of their head. Repeat with opposite hand. Positive is decrease in symptoms into upper limb
79
L'hermittes sign
Identifies dysfunction of spinal cord or upper motor neuron lesion Long sitting on table. Passively flex patients head and one hip while keeping knee in extension. Repeat with other hip Positive is pain down the spine and into limbs
80
Slump test
Indicates dysfunction of neurological structures supplying the lower limb Patient sitting on edge of table with knees flexed. Patient slump sits. Passively flex patients head and neck. Passively extend one knee. Passively dorsiflexion ankle of that limb. Repeat with opposite leg. Positive is reproduction of neurological symptoms
81
Lasegue's test (straight leg raising)
Identifies dysfunction of neurological structures supplying lower limb Supine with legs resting on table. Passively flex one hip with knee extended until complains of shooting pain into lower limb. Lower limb until pain subsides then passively dorsiflexion foot. Positive is reproduction of pathological neurological symptoms when foot dorsi flexed
82
Femoral nerve traction test
Identifies compression of femoral nerve Lie on no painful side with trunk in neutral, head slightly flexed, and noninvolved hip and knee flexed. Passively extend hip while knee of painful limb in extension. If no reproduction of symptoms, flex knee of painful leg. Positive finding is neurological pain in anterior thigh
83
Valsalva's manuever
Identifies a space occupying lesion Patient sitting, instruct patient to take deep breath and hold while they bear down. Positive finding is increased low back pain or Neuro symptoms into lower extremity
84
Babinski test
Identifies upper motor neuron lesion Supine or sitting Glide bottom end of standard reflex hammer along plantar surface of patients foot Positive is extension of big toe and splaying of other toes
85
Stork standing test
Identifies spondylolisthesis Patient stands on one leg. Cue patients to trunk extension, repeat on opposite leg. Positive is pain in low back with ipsilateral leg on ground
86
Gillet's test
Assesses posterior movement of ilium relative to sacrum Patient standing. Place thumb under PSIS of test limb and other thumb on center of sacrum at same level. Ask patient to flex hip and knee of test limb as if bringing knee to chest. PSIS should move in inferior direction. Positive is no identified movement of PSIS as compared to sacrum
87
Gaenslen's test
Identifies SIJ dysfunction Sidelying at edge of table while bottom leg in max hip and knee flexion. Standing behind patient, passively extend top hip. Pain is positive
88
Supine to sit test
Identifies dysfunction of SIJ that may be caused by functional leg length discrepancy Supine with correct alignment. Sit up, abnormal finding is reversal in limb length
89
Goldthwait's test
Differentiates between dysfunction in lumbar spine versus SIJ Supine with fingers in between spinous processes of lumbar spine. Passively perform SLR. If pain prior to palpation of movement in lumbar spine, dysfunction is SIJ
90
Ottawa foot rules
Indication for X Ray to rule out fracture | Pain in mid foot AND: inability to bear weight for 4 steps, OR bone tenderness at navicular or base of 5th metatarsal
91
Ottawa ankle rules
Indication for radiograph to rule out fracture Pain in posterior half of lower 6 cm of medial or lateral malleolus AND: inability to bear weight 4 steps OR bone tenderness at posterior portion or tip or either malleolus

Musculoskeletal Boards Prep (13 decks)

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