Amputations

Question 1

Forequarter (scapulothoracic) amputation

Answer 1

surgical removal of the upper extremity including the shoulder girdle

Question 2

shoulder disarticulation

Answer 2

surgical removal of the upper extremity through the shoulder

Question 3

transhumeral amputation

Answer 3

surgical removal of the upper extremity proximal to the elbow joint

Question 4

elbow disarticulation

Answer 4

surgical removal of the lower arm and hand through the elbow joint

Question 5

transradial amputation

Answer 5

surgical removal of the upper extremity distal to the elbow joint

Question 6

wrist disarticulation

Answer 6

surgical removal of the hand through the wrist

Question 7

partial hand amputation

Answer 7

surgical removal of a portion of the hand and/or digits at either the transcarpal, transmetacarpal, or transphalangeal level

Question 8

digit amputation

Answer 8

surgical removal of a digit at either the metacarpophalangeal, proximal nterphalangeal or distal interphalangeal level

Question 9

hemicorporectomy

Answer 9

surgical removal of the pelvis and both lower extremities

Question 10

hemipelvectomy

Answer 10

surgical removal of one half of the pelvis and the lower extremity

Question 11

hip disarticulation

Answer 11

surgical removal of the lower extremity from the pelvis

Question 12

transfemoral amputation

Answer 12

surgical removal of the lower extremity above the knee joint

Question 13

knee disarticulation

Answer 13

surgical removal of the lower extremity through the knee joint

Question 14

transtibial amputation

Answer 14

surgical removal of the lower extremity below the knee joint

Question 15

Syme’s amputation

Answer 15

surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of the malleoli

Question 16

Chopart’s amputation

Answer 16

disarticulation at the midtarsal joint

Question 17

transmetatarsal amputation

Answer 17

surgical removal of the midsection of the metatarsals

Question 18

prosthetic causes for lateral bending

Answer 18

prosthesis too short
improperly shaped lateral wall
high medial wall
prosthesis aligned in abduction

Question 19

amputee causes for lateral bending

Answer 19

poor balance
abduction contracture
improper training
short residual limb
weak hip abductors on prosthetic side
hypersensitive and painful residual limb

Question 20

prosthetic causes for abducted gait

Answer 20

prosthesis too long
high medial wall
poorly shaped lateral wall
prosthesis positioned in abduction
inadequate suspension
excessive knee friction

Question 21

amputee causes for abducted gait

Answer 21

abduction contracture
improper training
adductor roll
weak hip flexors and adductors
pain over lateral residual limb

Question 22

prosthetic causes for circumducted gait

Answer 22

prosthesis too long
excessive knee friction
socket too small
excessive plantar flexion

Question 23

amputee causes for circumducted gait

Answer 23

abduction contracture
improper training
weak hip flexors
lacks confidence to flex knee
painful anterior distal residual limb
inability to initiate prosthetic knee flexion

Question 24

prosthetic causes of excessive knee flexion during stance

Answer 24

socket set forward in relation to foot
excessive dorsiflexion
stiff heel
prosthesis too long

Question 25

amputee causes of excessive knee flexion during stance

Answer 25

``` knee flexion contracture hip flexion contracture pain anteriorly in residual limb decrease in quadriceps strength poor balance ```

Question 26

prosthetic causes of vaulting

Answer 26

prosthesis too long inadequate socket extension excessive alignment stability excessive plantar flexion

Question 27

amputee causes of vaulting

Answer 27

``` residual limb discomfort improper training fear of stubbing toe short residual limb painful hip/residual limb ```

Question 28

prosthetic causes of rotation of forefoot at heel strike

Answer 28

excessive toe-out built in loose fitting socket inadequate suspension rigid SACH heel cusjopm

Question 29

amputee causes of rotation of forefoot at heel strike

Answer 29

poor muscle control improper training weak medial rotators short residual limb

Question 30

prosthetic causes of forward trunk flexion

Answer 30

socket too big poor suspension knee instability

Question 31

amputee causes of forward trunk flexion

Answer 31

hip flexion contracture weak hip extensors pain with ischial weight bearing inability to initiate prosthetic knee flexion

Question 32

prosthetic causes of medial or lateral whip

Answer 32

excessive rotation of the knee tight socket fit valgus in prosthetic knee improper alignment of toe break

Question 33

amputee causes of medial or lateral whip

Answer 33

improper training weak hip rotators knee instability