Musculoskeletal Terminology

Question 1

Avulsion fracture

Answer 1

Portion of bone becomes fragmented at site of tendon attachment due to traumatic and sudden stretch of tendon

Question 2

Closed fracture

Answer 2

A break in a bone where skin over site remains intact

Question 3

Comminuted fracture

Answer 3

Bone that breaks into fragments at site of injury

Question 4

Compound fracture

Answer 4

Break in bone that protrudes through skin

Question 5

Green stick fracture

Answer 5

Break on one side of bone that does not damage periosteum on opposite side. Typically Peds

Question 6

Nonunion fracture

Answer 6

Break in bone hat has failed to unite and heal after 9-12 months

Question 7

Stress fracture

Answer 7

Break in a bone due to repeated forces to a particular portion of the bone

Question 8

Spiral fracture

Answer 8

Break in bone shaped like an S due to torsion and twisting

Question 9

Bursitis

Answer 9

Condition caused by acute or chronic inflammation of the bursae. Symptoms may include limitation in active range of motion secondary to pain and swelling

Question 10

Contusion

Answer 10

Sudden blow to part of body resulting in mild to severe damage to superficial and deep structures. Treatment includes AROM, ice and compression

Question 11

Edema

Answer 11

Increased volume of fluid in soft tissue outside joint capsule

Question 12

Effusion

Answer 12

Increased volume of fluid within a joint capsule

Question 13

Genu valgus

Answer 13

Knees touch when feet separated. Increases compression of lateral tibial condyle and increases stress to medial structures

Question 14

Genu varus

Answer 14

Bowing of the legs with added space between knees when feet together. Will increase compression of medial tibial condyle and increase stress to lateral structures

Question 15

Kyphosis

Answer 15

Excessive curvature of spine in posterior direction, usually identified in thoracic spine. Common causes include osteoporosis, compression fractures and poor posture secondary to paralysis

Question 16

Lordosis

Answer 16

An excessive curvature of the spine in an anterior direction, usually identified in cervical or lumbar spine. Common causes include weak abdominal muscles, pregnancy, excessive weight in the abdominal area, and hip flexion contractures

Question 17

Grade 1 sprain

Answer 17

Mild pain and swelling, little to no tear of ligament

Question 18

Grade 2 sprain

Answer 18

Moderate pain and swelling, minimal instability of the joint, minimal to moderate tearing of ligament, decreased ROM

Question 19

Grade 3 sprain

Answer 19

Severe pain and swelling, substantial joint instability, total tear of the ligament, substantial decrease in ROM

Question 20

Grade 1 strain

Answer 20

Injury involving musculotendinous unit that involves a muscle, tendon or their attachments to bone
Localized pain, minimal swelling and tenderness

Question 21

Grade 2 strain

Answer 21

Injury involving musculotendinous unit that involves a muscle, tendon or their attachments to bone
Localized pain, moderate swelling, tenderness, and impaired motor function

Question 22

Grade 3 strain

Answer 22

Injury involving musculotendinous unit that involves a muscle, tendon or their attachments to bone
Palpable defect of muscle, severe pain and poor motor function

Question 23

Tendinitis

Answer 23

Condition caused by acute or chronic inflammation of a tendon. Symptoms may include gradual onset, tenderness, swelling and pain