Musculoskeletal Terminology Flashcards
Avulsion fracture
Portion of bone becomes fragmented at site of tendon attachment due to traumatic and sudden stretch of tendon
Closed fracture
A break in a bone where skin over site remains intact
Comminuted fracture
Bone that breaks into fragments at site of injury
Compound fracture
Break in bone that protrudes through skin
Green stick fracture
Break on one side of bone that does not damage periosteum on opposite side. Typically Peds
Nonunion fracture
Break in bone hat has failed to unite and heal after 9-12 months
Stress fracture
Break in a bone due to repeated forces to a particular portion of the bone
Spiral fracture
Break in bone shaped like an S due to torsion and twisting
Bursitis
Condition caused by acute or chronic inflammation of the bursae. Symptoms may include limitation in active range of motion secondary to pain and swelling
Contusion
Sudden blow to part of body resulting in mild to severe damage to superficial and deep structures. Treatment includes AROM, ice and compression
Edema
Increased volume of fluid in soft tissue outside joint capsule
Effusion
Increased volume of fluid within a joint capsule
Genu valgus
Knees touch when feet separated. Increases compression of lateral tibial condyle and increases stress to medial structures
Genu varus
Bowing of the legs with added space between knees when feet together. Will increase compression of medial tibial condyle and increase stress to lateral structures
Kyphosis
Excessive curvature of spine in posterior direction, usually identified in thoracic spine. Common causes include osteoporosis, compression fractures and poor posture secondary to paralysis
Lordosis
An excessive curvature of the spine in an anterior direction, usually identified in cervical or lumbar spine. Common causes include weak abdominal muscles, pregnancy, excessive weight in the abdominal area, and hip flexion contractures
Grade 1 sprain
Mild pain and swelling, little to no tear of ligament
Grade 2 sprain
Moderate pain and swelling, minimal instability of the joint, minimal to moderate tearing of ligament, decreased ROM
Grade 3 sprain
Severe pain and swelling, substantial joint instability, total tear of the ligament, substantial decrease in ROM
Grade 1 strain
Injury involving musculotendinous unit that involves a muscle, tendon or their attachments to bone
Localized pain, minimal swelling and tenderness
Grade 2 strain
Injury involving musculotendinous unit that involves a muscle, tendon or their attachments to bone
Localized pain, moderate swelling, tenderness, and impaired motor function
Grade 3 strain
Injury involving musculotendinous unit that involves a muscle, tendon or their attachments to bone
Palpable defect of muscle, severe pain and poor motor function
Tendinitis
Condition caused by acute or chronic inflammation of a tendon. Symptoms may include gradual onset, tenderness, swelling and pain
