Orthotics Flashcards
Foot orthoses
Semirigid or rigid insert worn inside a show that corrects foot alignment and improves function. May also be used to relieve pain.
Metal ankle foot orthosis
Two metal uprights connected proximally to a calf band and distally to a mechanical ankle joint and shoe. Ankle joint may have ability to be locked and not allow any motion or set to have limited anterior posterior capability depending on the patients need
Plastic AFO
Fabricated by a cast mold of patients lower extremity. Plastic so more cosmetic and lighter. If patient presents with edema, cannot significantly fluctuate for use of plastic AFO. Proper fit requires patient be cashed in Subtalar neutral. Footplate can be used for tone reduction
Solid ankle foot orthoses
Control dorsiflexion, plantar flexion.
Control inversion and eversion with trim line anterior to malleoli
Articulating AFO
Articulating ankle joint allows the tibia to advance over the foot during the mid to late stance phase of gait
Posterior leaf spring
Plastic AFO with trim line posterior to the malleoli
Primary purpose to assist with dorsiflexion and prevent foot drop. Requires adequate medial lateral control by the patient
Floor reaction AFO
Assists with knee extension during stance through positioning of a calf band and or positioning at the ankle
Knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO)
Can be fabricated using 2 metal uprights extending from the shoe to the thigh with calf and thigh bands. Plastic KAFOS are fabricated by a cast mold of the lower extremity. A plastic thigh she’ll is connected to plastic AFO through metal uprights medial and lateral to the knee. Both types (metal and plastic) allow for lock mechanism at the knee providing stability
Craig Scott KAFO
Designed specifically for persons with paraplegia. Allows people to stand with posterior lean of the trunk
Hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis HKAFO
Bilateral KAFOs with an extension to the hip joints and a pelvic band. Can control rotation at the hip and abduction/adduction. Orthosis is heavy and restricts to a swing to or swing through gait pattern
Reciprocating gait orthoses (RGO)
Derivative of HKAFOs and incorporates a cable system to assist with advancement of LEs during gait. When patient shifts weight onto a selected lower extremity, the cable system advances opposite lower extremity. Used primarily for paraplegia
Parapodium
Standing frame designed to allow a patient to sit when necessary. Prefabricated frame and Ambulation achieved by shifting weight and rocking base across the floor. Primarily in Peds
Corset
Spinal orthosis constructed of fabric and may have metal uprights to provide abdominal compression and support. Corsets re utilized to provide pressure and relieve pain associated with mid and low back pathologies
Halo vest orthosis
Invasive cervical thoracic orthosis that provides full restriction of all cervical motion. Metal ring with four posts that attach to a vest is placed on a patient and secured by inserting four pins through the ring into the skull. Commonly used for cervical spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage or dislocation during the recovery period. Patient will wear halo vest until spine becomes stable
Milwaukee orthosis
Designed to promote realignment of the spine due to scoliotic curvature. Custom made and extends from the pelvis to the upper chest. Corrective padding is applied to areas of the severity of the curve
