Special Species Flashcards
Most tiny animals have (high/low) metabolic rates
High
Mouse HR: 300-800
Mouse Resp: 100-200
Should you fast special species before anesthesia ?
No
Predisposed to hypoglycemia due to fast metabolic rates
Why are small animals predisposed to hypothermia?
Lose heat quickly because they have high body SA : weight ratio
T/F: mice and rabbits are obligate nasal breathers
True
What are indicators of stress in lab animals?
Lack of grooming Hunched posture Decreased appetite or activity Aggression Vocalization
What are common routes of anestheric administration in lab animals ?
Intraperitoneal
Subcutaneous
Inhalational
IV
- mice and rat: tail vein
- rabbit: auricular or cephalic
What injectable anesthetic is most commonly used in lab animals
Ketamien
-combine with A2 agonsits or midazolam
How does the dosage in lab animals compare to other species?
Much higher dosages required in small animals due to hypermetabolic state
What agents are used for sedation in lab animals?
A2 agonist
-dexmedetomidine or xylazine
Benzodiazepines
-midazolam
What are the injectable induction agents in lab animals?
Ketamine with A2 agonists
Alfaxalone
Propofol
How do you intubate lab animals?
Very hard- mostly not performed
Small ET tub 2/3mm
- blind
- fiberoptic-guided
- otoscope-guided
What type of breathing circuit is used in lab animals?
Small volume, non-rebreathing (has minimal resistance )
Opioids used in lab animals?
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
NSAIDS used in lab animlas?
Carprofen
Meloxicam
How can you ensure good recovery in lab animals?
Continue monitoring Warmth Fluids Food Analgesia
What can cause prolonged anesthetic recovery in ectotherms?
Body temperature
-> low temp-> low metabolism
What is the structure of the cardiopulmonary system in ectotherms?
3chambered heart (lizards, chelonians, and snake)
2 atria and 1ventricle
Systemic arterial BP is generally Lowe
T/F: IM injections in the hindlimbs are the best method of medication in ectotherms?
False
AVOID IM injections in caudal body parts as they may cause nephrotoxicity / are rapidly excreted
Dual bloody supply to kindly -> renal portal system
What type of ETT tube should be used in ectotherms?
Uncuffed - like birds, ectotherms have complete cartilage rings
T/F: Ectotherms do not have a diaphragm, therefore the intercostal, pectoral, and abdominal muscles are used to facilitate breathing
True
How should you restrain a snake?
Behind the head and then the rest of the body
For venomous snakes, use hoo/tongs and place head in non=permeable container
In what type of snake can you intubate, and why would this be better than gas anesthetics?
Nonvenomous snakes
Faster induction
What are the injectable anestherics used in snakes?
Ketamine (30min induction, 2hr-2day recovery)
Medetomidine
-reverse with atipamezole
In turtles/tortoises, their shell wis about 50% of their body mass. If you include their body mass in your calculations for drugs, do you used the high or low range of the dose
Low range
-shell is biologically inactive
