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RUSVM Anesthesiology > Oxygenation And Ventilation > Flashcards

Oxygenation And Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

How is oxygenation measured??

A

Pulse oximeter or blood gas

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2
Q

A patient is hypoxemic if PaO2

A

60mmHg; 90%

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3
Q

A healthy animal breathing air should have a SaO2 of ??

A

> 95%

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4
Q

A healthy animal breathing 100% O2 should have a SaO2 of ??

A

100%

Pulse oximeter are inaccurate and can show 98-99% even if real saturation is 100%

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5
Q

How does a pulse oximeter work?

A

Pulse oximeter emits read and infrared light on one side of tissue and measures on the other

Red and infrared light are absorbed differently by oxygenated and reduced Hb

—> differences are used to calculated oxygen saturation

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6
Q

What factors can alter the pulse oximeter measurement?

A 
Tissue thickness 
Hypo perfusion (vasoconstriction) 
Anemia, pigmentation 
Movement 
Abnormal Hb sp (CO or methemoglobinemia)
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7
Q

When should we use a pulse oximeter?

A

Patient is breathing air
V/Q mismatch
Respiratory disease

-less important for healthy animals intubated with 100% O2

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8
Q

What is a normal PaCO2?

A

35-45mmHg

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9
Q

What other things do we evaluate besides PCO2 when assessing a patients ventilation status?

A

Normal tidal volume?
Respiratory rate
Rhythm
Effort

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10
Q

If PaCO2 is > 45mmHg the animal is?

A

Hypercapnic, or hypoventilation

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11
Q

If an animal has PaCO2 of 35-45mmHg then it is…?

A

Normocapnic or normoventilation

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12
Q

If an animal has PaCO2 <35mmHg, it is …?

A

Hypocapnia or hyperventilation

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13
Q

How can you assess respiratory rate?

A

Auscultation the thorax
Observed movement of thorax and abdomen
Movement of breathing bag

Capnograph

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14
Q

How can you asses the tidal volume of a patient?

A

Spirometer

Observe scale of ventilator bellows

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15
Q

Why do we monitor BP in patients under anesthesia??

A

Indicator of tissue PERFUSION!

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16
Q

What is capnometry?

A

Measurement of CO2 partial pressure in the airways

17
Q

How can you determine if your capnograph is valid?

A 
Assess airway integrity 
Assess equipment (ventilator, breathing circuit, and gas sampling) 
Verify proper ET tube
18
Q

What factors can change CO2 values?

A

CO2 production (pain/hyperthermia/MH)
Circulation
Alveolar ventilation
Measurement error

19
Q

The lowest point of a capnograph waveform is what?

A

Inspiration

20
Q

The slope from the lowest to highest point on a capnograph indicates?

A

Expiration

21
Q

The highest plateau on the capnogram indicates

A

Alveolar plateau

22
Q

A small short capnograph indicates?

A

Hyperventilation

23
Q

Capnograph with high and wide waveforms inicates??

A

Hypoventilation

24
Q

If a patient is CO2 rebreathing, what would the capnograph look like?

A

You would start to see a rise in the waves

-> could be due to expired soda-line, sticking one way valves, or low fresh gas flow in non-rebreathing system

25
Q

What are cardiogenic oscillations in a capnograph caused by?

A

Pulsation of the pulmonary arterial system.

A SV of blood will replace equal amount of gas in the alveolar space

26
Q

What do you see during anesthesia more commonly, hyper or hypothermia ?

A

Hypothermia

27
Q

T/F: hypothermia increase the potency of inhalation anesthetics

A

False

Decreases the potency of inhalation anesthetics

28
Q

What is the best way to measure body temp?

A

Esophageal temp (core body temp_

29
Q

How can we help our patients maintain body temp?

A

Cover with blanket

Blair hugger, hotdog, or warm water circulating blanket

30
Q

How do you know your patient is alive?

A 
Feel the pulse 
Auscultation of heartbeat 
Doppler indicates pulse 
BP 
CO2 is normal
31
Q

What is normal HR for dog under general anesthesia?

A

50-160bpm

32
Q

Normal HR for cat under general anesthesia ?

A

100-200

33
Q

What is the normal HR for a horse under general anesthesia?

A

28-50

34
Q

For a sheep, normal HR under anesthesia is?

A

60-150

35
Q

Normal HR for a cow under general anesthesia?

A

50-90

36
Q

What is normal ETCO2?

A

35-35mmHg

RUSVM Anesthesiology (32 decks)

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