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Derm > Special Skin Cases > Flashcards

Special Skin Cases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what disease presents with abnormal skin findings and neurologic anomalies?

A

neurofibromatosis type 1

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2
Q

how is neurofibromatosis type 1 inherited

A

AD

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3
Q

name the four skin findings in neurofibromatosis type 1?

A

neurofibromas
cafe au lait
axillary and inguinal freckling
plexiform neurofibroma

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4
Q

what is a plexiform neurofibroma?

A

a big neurofibroma that feels like a sack of worms

big skin patch that is brown

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5
Q

what are cafe au lait macules?

A

brown patches that have regular borders and unifrom pigmentation

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6
Q

what are the 2 eye findings in neurofibromatosis type 1?

A

lisch nodules and optic gliomas

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7
Q

how do you manage the neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1?

A

should excise any rapidly changing ones

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8
Q

what disorder presents with cutaneous lesions and peripheral/CNS neoplasms?

A

tuberous sclerosis

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9
Q

how is tuberous sclerosis inherited

A

AD

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10
Q

what are two genes in tuberous sclerosis?

A

TSC1 and 2

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11
Q

name the four skin findings in tuberous sclerosis

A

angiofibromas
hypomelanotic macules
shagreen patch
periungal fibromas

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12
Q

what is a shagreen patch?

A

connective tissue nevi that is hyper or hypopigmented

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13
Q

how do shagreen patches feel?

A

leather like

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14
Q

what other organs have issues in tuberous sclerosis?

A 
cardiac
renal
oral
optic
neurological
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15
Q

what is a neuro finding in tuberous sclerosis/

A

seizures

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16
Q

what is a oral finding in tuberous sclerosis?

A

gingival fibromas and dental enamel pits

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17
Q

spontaneous quickly growing painful ulcers on legs are likely to be what?

A

pyoderma gangrenosum

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18
Q

what does pyoderma gangrenosum start as and what does it lead to?

A

papulopustule leads to a big ulcer

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19
Q

where is pyoderma gangrenosum commonly found?

A

lower extremities

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20
Q

what is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with?

A

IBD

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21
Q

what can trigger pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

surgery and wound debridement

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22
Q

what is treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

wound management and systemic steroids

23
Q

what is lichen sclerosus?

A

inflamm disease that leads to ivory white scar like atrophy

24
Q

where does lichen sclerosus commonly occur?

A

in genitals

25
Q

what are symptoms of anogenital lichen sclerosus?

A

pain and pruritis…also can be asymptomatic

26
Q

is anogenital or extragenital lichen sclerosus more common?

A

anogenital by far

27
Q

how does lichen sclerosus appear on skin?

A

white scarring and atrophy

28
Q

what is treatment for lichen sclerosus?

A

high potency steroid like clobetasol for 12-24 weeks

29
Q

what is Morgellons Disease?

A

delusions of parasitosis…

30
Q

what is delusions of parasitosis?

A

people think they keep getting infected with worms and try to pull them out and treat themselves with pesticides

31
Q

infantile hemangiomas often occur in what locations?

A

face or in dermatome pattern

32
Q

what is treatment for infantile hemangiomas?

A

beta blockers

33
Q

what is a port wine stain? where is it found?

A

red macules and patches on the face that are present at birth

34
Q

how do port wine stains change over time?

A

start red and get a deeper purple hue and then progress to having nodules

35
Q

what causes port wine stain?

A

congenital capillary malformation

36
Q

what are port wine stains associated with clinically?

A

SturgeWeber syndrome

37
Q

how to treat port wine stain?

A

laser therapy

38
Q

how does kaposi sarcoma appear on skin?

A

dark violaceous plaques and nodules

39
Q

what causes kaposi sarcoma?

A

neoplasm of endothelial cells linked to HHV8``

40
Q

who gets kaposi?

A

HIV

41
Q

what should HIV patient be on to prevent kaposi?

A

HAART

42
Q

what is treatment for Kaposi? when?

A

chemotherapy when extensive disease

43
Q

what is a disease that presents with recurring bouts of incision and drainage?

A

hidradenitis supporative

44
Q

what is another name for hidradenitis supporative?

A

acne inversa

45
Q

explain the pathology behind acne inversa?

A

inflamm disorder of hair follicle causes abscesses and nodules and sinuses

46
Q

what are sinuses in acne inversa?

A

epitheliazed tunnels with multiple connections to skin surface

47
Q

who gets more acne inversa?

A

females..smokers..obesity

48
Q

when does acne inversa usually start?

A

20 and 30s

49
Q

what does early disease with acne inversa look like?

A

mainly just recurrent nodules and abscessed with no scarring

50
Q

what does severe disease with acne inversa look like?

A

lots of sinuses and scarring

51
Q

what are treatment options for acne inversa?

A

long term abx

systemic anti inflamm drugs

52
Q

name the systemic anti inflamm drug for acne inversa?

A

adalimumab

53
Q

what two drugs sometimes help acne inversa for women?

A

OCPs and spiranolactone

54
Q

what is a key difference in morgellons disease and delusions of parasitosis?

A

morgellons has fiber extruding from skin

Derm (22 decks)

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