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Histology One > Special Skin > Flashcards

Special Skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 layers of hair follicle

A

Hair shaft
intnerla root sheath
external root sheath
glassy membrane
fibrocollagengous connective tissue

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2
Q

what is below the hair follicle

A

Hair bulb

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3
Q

what is below the hair bulb

A

dermal hair pailla

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4
Q

what are the different areas of hair shaft

A

medualla - soft keratin
cortex - hard keratin
Cuticle

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5
Q

anagen

A

growth period of hair

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6
Q

what is telogen

A

inacivtity period of hair

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7
Q

catagen

A

regression period

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8
Q

what adds pigment to the hair shaft

A

mealocytes in the hair bulb

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9
Q

what happens to internal root sheath at the level of sebaceous gland

A

degenerate
before the sebaceous gland
it will grow along the hair shaft

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10
Q

what does the basal membrane seperatate

A

hair follicle + dermis

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11
Q

what is the arrector pilli muscle

A

smooth muscle

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12
Q

where is it

A

midpoint of the outer connective tissue sheath to the dermal papillae

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13
Q

what does it reiceve information from

A

symapethic nervous system
causing isolation

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14
Q

what type of glands are sebaceous gland

A

holocrine glands
simple or branches alvolear

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15
Q

what do they produce

A

sebum

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16
Q

what does this help

A

help with skin become supple and water resistance

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17
Q

what do they look like

A

pale staining ovoid masses with thin connective tissue capsule with a central nuclei

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18
Q

what is the sebum

A

lipid rich dedecamped cells

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19
Q

what is the function of sebum

A

it is oily mixture which helps make skin supply and water resistiant

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20
Q

what surrounds each alveolous

A

thin connective tissue

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21
Q

what do the alveolous open up into

A

common duct that are lined with stratified squamous epithelium which is continuous with the outer epithelial sheath o fthe hair follicle

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22
Q

once being released where do the sebum go

A

to the skin surface

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23
Q

what does each sebaceous gland contain

A

a peripheral layer of mitcocially active cuboidal cells

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24
Q

what does this give rise to

A

allows the accumlation of large amount of lipids in the cytoplasm

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25
Q

what is the pilosebceous unit made of

A

hair
hair follicle
sebaceous glands
arrector pili muscle

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26
Q

what do the keratinocytes that make up the hair bulb cosntalty undergoing

A

kernisation differintion into spefific hair types

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27
Q

what does thick hair form

A

they form medualla

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28
Q

How is a medulla formed by

A

central region of the root produce large vaculoated keratinsied cells

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29
Q

what forms the cortex

A

differeination into heavy kernatised groups of cells form the cortex

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30
Q

what forms thr cuticle

A

the peripheral cells that are heavily keratinised form the cuticle

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31
Q

what does the internal root sheath compelelty surround

A

the intiial part of the hair shaft

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32
Q

what does the external root sheath cover

A

the internal sheath

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33
Q

where does it extend to

A

all the way to the epidermis

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34
Q

what is it continuous with there

A

the basal and spinous layer

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35
Q

what is the glassly membrane

A

thickened basement membrane

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36
Q

what does the surrounding dermis form

A

connective tissue sheath

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37
Q

what do the cells in the hair root do

A

differeiantiate into hair medulla coretex and cuticle

38
Q

what is asscoatied with the hair follicle - gland

A

apocrine gland

39
Q

what do the sebaceous glands lack e

A

myoepthelial cells

40
Q

what attaches to their capusles

A

arrector muscle

41
Q

what does this allow

A

compression of the gland to expel sebum into the hair follicle neck

42
Q

what is sweat glands dervied from

A

eptihelial embedded in the dermis

43
Q

what are the two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine sweat glands
apocrine sweat glands

44
Q

where is eccvtrne found
what is their secretion

A

widley distrubted across the body (thick skin)
located dermis and hypodermis junction
watery sweat from gland onto the surface

45
Q

apocrine - where are they found
what do they produce

A

restricted mainly to the axillae and pernineum
produce a more protein rich secretion with pheromonal properties

46
Q

what is apocrine innverated by

A

adrengeric nerves endinds

47
Q

what does eccrine recieve

A

chloingeric fibres

48
Q

what types of glands it he eccrine sweat gland

A

coiled tubular gland
have small lumens

49
Q

what type of epithelium is present of the secretory potion

A

stratified / puesodestated epitehlium

50
Q

what is lighter the seceretory or the duct segment

A

secretory

51
Q

what are the function of clear cells

A

columnar cells that produce sweat

52
Q

what gets transported through the clear cells

A

intersisital fluid from the capillary rich dermis aroun the gland

53
Q

what happens then

A

put in either direclty into the lumen or into intercellular canalucli that open to the lumen

54
Q

where are dark cells found

A

line the luminal surface but DO NOT touch the basal lamina

55
Q

what are dark cells filled with

A

mucoid and filled with glycoportiens containing grnaules

56
Q

what is the function of the dark cells

A

innaite immunity with bacteridial activity

57
Q

where is the meyoepithelial cells

A

on the basal lamina

58
Q

what is there function

A

help discahrge secretion tinto the duct

59
Q

what are the different layers of the ecccrine sweat gland

A

one more acidphillic with mitchodnria

60
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands found

A

axillae / gentilia

61
Q

where do their ducts end

A

on the hair shaft

62
Q

what do they produce

A

protien rich secretion with pheromonal properties

63
Q

the secretory portion of the apocrine has a much larger what

A

lumen

64
Q

what type of epithelial is the secretory portion of the aprocine sweat gland

A

simple cuboidal esophillic cells

65
Q

where does the duct typically end

A

end of the hair shaft

66
Q

What is the nail root

A

proximal part of the nail
covered by skin fold

67
Q

what forms the cuticle

A

epidermal stratum corneum exneding onto the proximal nail

68
Q

what is the nail plate (kerantised) bound to

A

epidermis called the nail bed

69
Q

what does the nail bed contain

A

basal and spinous layers

70
Q

what does the nail plate arise from

A

the nail matrix

71
Q

the is the lunula

A

proximal area of the nail

72
Q

how does divsison occur

A

divide and move distallty and become ketainsie forming the name root

73
Q

what does this mature as

A

a nail plate

74
Q

what is the hypoychium

A

becomes free of the nail bed at the epidermal fold

75
Q

what are the 3 plexus of the skin

A

superfifical papillary plexus
deep reticular plexus
subcutaneous plexus

76
Q

what is the supefifical papillary plexus

A

subepidermal network of arterioles under the dermal paillae blood to the cpillary loop in each papillw

77
Q

what is deep reticular plexus

A

small arteries veins and capillaries in the retcualr layer of the dermis

78
Q

what is the subctuaneous plexus

A

muscualar arteries and veins in the hypodermis network parallele to the skin surface

79
Q

what is glomus bodies

A

arterivenous shiunts in the deeper dermis - speically the lips and toes

80
Q

what is the function of the glomus bodies

A

peripheral temperature regulatiomn

81
Q

how do they do that

A

divert blood from superififcal into deep plexus to reduce heat loss

82
Q

where does the lymapthic of occpuy

A

the venules

83
Q

where are they also located

A

in deep and superififcal plexuses

84
Q

what are the types of nerves

A

free or exncapulared nerve endings

85
Q

Free Nerve endings what are they

A

can be myelinated or non meyleianted

86
Q

what are they reponsible for

A

pain and itch senation and detcing tmepratur

87
Q

where are they found

A

papillary dermis and send twigs into the epidermis where some of them associte with mekel cells

88
Q

what does this cause

A

them to act as slowly adapting mechaism

89
Q

what else do they do

A

Free nerve endings also ramify around hair follicles, in the perifollicular fibrous sheath, and some penetrate into the external root sheath.

90
Q

wha tis Meisnners corupsules

A

: are rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors responsible for touch sensation. They are particularly prominent in the papillary dermis of the pulps of the fingers and toes, and soles and palms

91
Q

what is paciain corpsule

A

are responsible for detection of deep pressure and vibration. In the skin they are usually found deep in the subcutis, singly or in small clusters, being particularly numerous in the palms and soles

92
Q

thin and thick

A

epidermal ridges are shallow in thin
keratin is thin
contains hair follicles and sweat glands

Histology One (14 decks)

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