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Histology One > Histological Micro-techniques > Flashcards

Histological Micro-techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What is histology

A

study of anatomical structures at the microscopic levels

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2
Q

what does histological techniques deals with

A

preparation of tissue for microscopic examination

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3
Q

what is histological techniques aimed

A

to preserve micscropsoic anatomy of the tissue

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4
Q

what are the steps of preparing histological slide

A

fixation, dehydration, clearing and infiltration

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5
Q

what is fixation

A

preservation of tissue in its oringial condition using fixative

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6
Q

what is fluid is used for fixation

A

formaldehyde 0% or acetic acid

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7
Q

what conditions is needed for fixation

A

room temperature

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8
Q

how long does fixation take

A

few hours

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9
Q

what factors affect a good fixation

A
  1. fresh tissues
  2. good penetration of tissues by fixates (thickness < 1cm )
  3. choosing appropriate fixative
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10
Q

what does fixation help to do

A

prevent the autolysis and degradation of the tissue

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11
Q

what is dehydration

A

removal of water from tissues –> water to alcohol

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12
Q

how are tissues are dehydrated

A

by increasing strength of alcohol (70,90 + 100%)

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13
Q

what does duration of dehydration depend on

A

size of tissue
fixative used
type of tissue

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14
Q

what is clearing

A

infilation of paraffin solvent and the tissue will become transparent

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15
Q

what clearing agents

A

xylene, chloroform, benzene

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16
Q

what is the aim of clearing

A

replacing alcohol with a substance in which paraffin wax is solble

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17
Q

clearing time depends on what

A

0.5 - 24 hours according to the size of the sample

18
Q

what is impregnation with wax

A

allowed to occur at melting point temperature paraffin wave (52-60)

19
Q

what does duration of impregnation with wax depend on

A

depends on size and types of tissues and the clearing agent employed

20
Q

what is the most common impregnation

A

paraffin wax

21
Q

what are impregnated tissues are placed on what

A

mould with their labels and then fresh melted wax is poured in it and allowed to settle and solidify

22
Q

what is embedding

A

want to embed the tissue we have just processed into a VEX block

23
Q

when wax soldidied what does it look like

A

the wax is taken out of the tissue block and you will see the tissue centre surrounded by wax in the form of a cue

24
Q

what has to be done after embedding

A

cutting

25
Q

what is sectioning

A

to thinly slice the tissue into 4/5 micro thin slices

26
Q

what is microtomy

A

preparing thin slcies 4 - 6 um thick tissue sections

27
Q

what is the mounting

A

tissues sections float on warm water and picked up by glass slide

28
Q

what is staining

A

it is a process by which a tissue section is coloured (to obtain contrast between the parts of the tissue)

29
Q

what are the types of staining

A

acidic , basic and neutral stains

30
Q

what is acidic stains examples

A

red or pink ~ eosin

31
Q

what is acidc stainas

A

tissues components which take this type of stain - acidophilic

32
Q

what is basic stains

A

tissues components which take this of stains –> basophilic

33
Q

what is the examples of basic stains

A

blue or purple ~ hematoxylin toluidine blue

34
Q

what is neutral stains

A

gives different colour components

35
Q

What colours is H + E

A

Nuclulear appears blue (basophilic) cytoplasm may be pink or red (acidphillic) or blue (basophilloc)

36
Q

what is PAS

A

Periodic acid schiff reagant this mainly stains glycoproteins

37
Q

what is silver salts

A

stains fibres black as they are hard to see because they are so thin

38
Q

what is masson’s trichome

A

small muscles are coloured dark maroon and fibres are blue

39
Q

what is artifacts

A

all of the steps involved in tissue preparation are capable of causing distortions and changes to tissue

40
Q

what are some artifacts

A

Overstaining or understanding
dust/ scratches
tissue folds
air bubbles
nicks in the tissue

41
Q

how can interpreting sections be difficult

A

oblique 2d structure to show 3d structures

Histology One (14 decks)

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