Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology One > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of muscle

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is found in their cytoplasm

A

contractile fibres - also the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the force produced by

A

movement of the actin fibres over the myosin fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the types of msucle cells

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is myoepithelial cells

A

epithelial cells which have muscle like properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are myofibroblasts

A

connective tissue with contractile elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is pericytes relating to

A

vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are myoepithelial cells associated with + example

A

secretory units of the exocrine glands
~ salivary or memory glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the shape of myopeithlial

A

flattened cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the myopeithelial contain

A

protein arrnagmenet similar to smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is myofibroblasts like charasertically

A

fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the number of myofibrilblasts like normally

A

few in number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens to myofibrilblasts during injury
what happens at the end

A

they englarge and proliferate and secrete cologne to provide a scaffold
they contract the wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pericytes are found where

A

capillaries and venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do pericytes act like

A

stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do pericytes control

A

capillary diameter by contractile properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what muscle types have straitions

A

skeletal and cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

branching of different muscles

A

skeletal - unbranched
cardiac - branched
smooth - branched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the skeletal msucle nuclei like
size, shape , location

A

long
oval
in the peripheral part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do the cells look like for skeletal muscle

A

long cylindrical multinucleted cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the siize of skeletal muscle

A

10 - 100um
1000 - 200000 um length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does differeination of skeletal muscle start

A

mesenchymal cells (myoblasts) of mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens to the myoblasts for skeletal muscle

A

align and fuse together to make long multinucated myotubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what happens to myotubes - skeletal muscle

A

syntehise proteins that make up the myofilament and begin to show strations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what happens to further development of the myofilaments - skeletal muscle

A

the nulcei dispalce peripherally against the sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how are satellite cells formed

A

some of the myoblasts population does not fuse or differenatie but remains mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where do these satellitecells locate themselves

A

external surface but inside the developing external lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the function of satellite cells

A

proliferate and produce new muscle fibres after injrury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the organisational levels of skeletal muscle

A

scaromoere - myofibril - muscle fibre - one facile - one muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the functional unit of skeletal muscle

A

sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is a fasicle

A

muscle fibres boundled together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is eipmysium

A

surrounds whole muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

perimysium

A

surrounds single fasicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

enomysium

A

sourrinding a single muscle fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are the dark and light bands also called

A

Dark band - A
Light band - I

36
Q

what does Anisotropic (A) mean

A

fibres are altered in polarised light

37
Q

what does isotropic mean (I)

A

fibres do not alter under polarised light

38
Q

how do the thick and thin filament sit among each other

A

they overlap

39
Q

why is a hexagon shape formed by A an I bands

A

overlapping of light and dark shows each thick filament is surrounded by 6 thin filaments

40
Q

Where is thick filament found

A

occur A band

41
Q

where does thin filament run

A

between and parallel to thicj filament and have one end attached to the Z disc

42
Q

what does the I band consist of

A

portion of thin filament that do not overlap the thick filament

43
Q

what is the A band composed of

A

mainly thick filament plus the overlapping portion of thin filament

44
Q

What is the H zone

A

only thick filament

45
Q

What is the M line

A

lateral connections are made between teo adjacent thick thinaments

46
Q

what is the thin filament composed of

A

tropomyosin
g actin
f actin
active sites
trophin complex

47
Q

what is fecular actin formed by

A

by individual Globular actin

48
Q

where is tropomyosin located

A

located in thegroove between two tiwsed actin strands

49
Q

What are the different types of Troponin

A

I , C T

50
Q

what does troponin T do

A

attaches to tropomyosin

51
Q

what does troponin C do

A

attach to calcium ions

52
Q

What does troponin I do

A

inhibits actin myosin interactions

53
Q

what does thick filament consists of moslty

A

myosin

54
Q

what is the head of thick filament

A

two globular heads of myosin

55
Q

how are motor end plates formed

A

expnded motor axon terminals

56
Q

what will motor axon terminals form

A

neuromuscular junctions with the membrane of the muscle cell

57
Q

what does binding of a receptor do

A

initate the muscle fibre depolarisation which goes into the myofibrils and the t tubule

58
Q

how many muscle fibres does one motor nueron innervate

A

10 to several hundred muscle fibres

59
Q

what does fewer muscle fibres in a motor unit do to control movement

A

create finer control of movement

60
Q

what is a motor end plate

A

special type of synapse on the surface of a muscle membrane

61
Q

what does folding membrane in the sarcolemma increase

A

number of Ach receptors in the nmj

62
Q

what is t tubules

A

branches of Sarcoplasmic membrane surrounding myofibril at the Ai junction of each scaromere

63
Q

what does the scaroplasmic reticulum contain

A

very higher concentration of calcium ions and small branches

64
Q

where is the sarcoplasmic reticulum lie

A

either side of the tubules

65
Q

what is sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

netwrok of specliased smooth endoplasmic retciulum

66
Q

what is triad

A

t tubule associated with the sarcomere is flanked by segment of sarcoplasmic reticulum three three together is known as a triad

67
Q

events of muscle contraction

A
  1. nerve impulses triggers the release of acetylchloine at the neuromuscular junction
  2. acetylcholine binds to the motor end plate of the sarcolemma and intiates an impulse in the muscle fibre
  3. the impulse spread quickly to the tibules which releases calcium ions from the cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
  4. the calcium will bind to the troponin complex on the actin filament
  5. exposed active site on the actin will attach to the myosin heads
  6. myosin heads utilises ATP to slide to the actin filament over them
  7. sarcomere short and thus the muscle will contract
68
Q

What is the sliding filament model scarmoere

A

H zone - shorter
I band - shorter
A band - same

69
Q

what are the stages of the sliding filament together

A
  1. binding of myosin to the actin
  2. power stroke - cross bridge pulling myofilament inward
  3. detachment - cross bridge detached and returns to original set
  4. cross bridge binds to more distal actin molecule
70
Q

what is type I skeletal muscle fibres

A

slow, red and oxidiative

71
Q

what is type II A

A

fast, intermediate oxidative glycolytic fibres

72
Q

what is the type II B

A

fast white and glycolytic fires

73
Q

what is myotendinous junction

A

specliased junction collagen of tendon attaches to end of the muscle fibres

74
Q

where do sensory nerve exons penetrate

A

wrap around individual intrafusal fibre

75
Q

what is the cardiac muscle made of

A

mesodermal cells

76
Q

what is intercalated disc

A

have abudent desmosomes

77
Q

what is dyad

A

one branch sarcoplasmic reticulum associated with each t tuble forming dyad rather than a triad

78
Q

what is the role of satellite cells in skeletal remodelling

A

under the basal lamina press aginst the outer surface of the sarcolemma and proliferate and form ner fibres

79
Q

what is the diameter of smooth muscle

A

5um and 20 - 500 um

80
Q

what does acin and mysoin crisscross obliquely through the cell

A

formimg a lattice like network and contract by sliding filament mechanism

81
Q

wht is troponin in smooth muscle

A

calmodulin

82
Q

what is the MCLK

A

pjopshorylate myosin

83
Q

what is the intermediate filament

A

desmin - i all mooth muscles
vimentin - in vascular smooth muscles

84
Q

what is smooth muscle contraction regulated by

A

autonomic nerves or certain hormones

85
Q
A

Histology One (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions