Special Senses Test Flashcards
Adipose
supports and cushions (yellow)
Optic Nerve
connects to back of eye
Sclera
the “white” of the eye
Cornea
light enters here
- anterior part of sclera
- window on your world
smooth muscle structure
ciliary body and iris
Conjunctiva
lines the eyelids and covers outer surface
Retina
extends anteriorly only to ciliary body
-tunic containing the rods and cones
Pupil
round opening that light passes through
Iris
colored part of the eye
Ciliary body
contains muscle that controls the shape of the lens
Lens
focuses light to the retina
Vitreous humor
gel-like substance
posterior to lens
Aqueous humor
clear watery fluid
anterior to lens
Choroid
middle coat of the eyeball
Tapetum lucidum
light reflector at the back of eye
Suspensory ligament
holds lens to the ciliary body
Blind spot
no photoreceptors, optic nerve is present
age, obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, heredity, light eye color
Macular degeneration
irregular curvature of the cornea
Astigmatism
cloudy spots on the lens, “night vision/halo,” 60% of people over 60
Cataracts
detachment from the choroid, aging eye tumors, head traumas
Retinal detachment
excessive intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
4-8 slits cut into cornea so cornea flattens when it heals
RK- Radial Keratotomy
laser assisted in Situ Keratomileusis, cornea shape altered
LASIK
External eye muscles (skeletal)
are autonomic/somatic?
somatic
Internal eye muscles
ciliary body —> lens & pupil (autonomic)
Outer ear
pinna/auricle & external auditory canal
Tympanic membrane (ear drum) function
causes sound waves to vibrate
Middle ear
tympanic cavity, a small air filled cavity within the temporal bone
3 bones that span the tympanic cavity
ossicles => 1. hammer 2. anvil 3. stirrup AKA H.A.S.
Explain how sound travels from the ear drum to the hearing receptors
Ear drum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window, cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve
Inner ear?
bony labyrinth
3 subdivisions of inner ear
cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
Static equilibrium
not moving, at rest, gravity
Dynamic equilibrium
angular/rotary movement
Taste and smell
both use chemoreceptors, chemicals must be in a solution form
Smell:
olfactory receptors are in…
the roof of the nasal cavity
Taste
gustatory cells/receptors, chemicals must be dissolved in saliva
Sweet
sugar
Sour
acids
Bitter
alkaloids/quinine
Salty
metal ions/NaCl
Static equilibrium
not moving, at rest, gravity
Dynamic equilibrium
angular/rotary movement
Taste & smell
both use chemoreceptors, chemicals must be in a solution form
Smell:
olfactory receptors are in…
the roof of the nasal cavity
Taste
gustatory cells/receptors, chemicals must be dissolved in saliva
Sweet
sugar
Sour
acids
Bitter
alkaloids/quinine
Salty
metal ions/NaCl
Myopia
nearsightedness, concave lens, |)
Hyperopic
farsightedness, convex lens, ()
distant vision
- ciliary muscle: relaxed
- lens convexity: decreased
- degree of light refraction: decreases
close vision
- ciliary muscle: contracted
- lens convexity: increased
- degree of light refraction: increased
lack of all color receptors results
total color blindess
the ability to see intermediate colors results from one cone type is being stimulated
simultaneously
refraction
light bending
accomodation
ability to focus for close vision
emmetropia
normal vision
hyperopia
inability to focus well on close objects; farsightedness
photopupillary
reflex-constriction of pupils when they are exposed to bright light
cataract
cloudinh of the lens, resulting in loss of sight
myopia
nearsightedness
astigmatism
blurred vision, resulting from unequal curvatures of the lens or cornea
glaucoma
condition of increasing pressure inside the eye
convergence
medical movement of the eyes during focusing on close objects
accomodation pupillary reflex
reflex constriction of the pupils when viewing close objects
night blindness
inability to see well in the dark, often a result if vitamin A deficiency
convex
produces an image that is upside down and produces a real image
farsightedness
light is focused behind the retina and uses convex (converging)
nearsightedness
light is focused in front of the retina and uses concave (diverging)
canal of schlemm
drains the aqueous humor of the eye
choroid coat
vascular tunic of the eye
