Repro Test (part 2) Flashcards
exocrine functions
sperm producing functions
endocrine functions
testosterone producing functions
seminiferous tubules
“sperm forming factories”
empty sperm into another set of tubules
the same cells in the testes produce sperm and testosterone
false
epididymis
20/20 days
provides temporary storage for the immature sperm for maturation
vas deferns
runs upwards from the epididymis through an inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity and arches over the superior aspect of the bladder
vasectomy
small incisions through the scrotum and then cuts through the vans deferens
two functions of the urethera
carries both urine and sperm to the body exterior
*urinary and reproductive”
seminal vesicles
produce about 60% of the fluid volume of semen
prostate gland
encircles the upper (prostatic) part of the urethra just below the bladder
scrotum
divided sac of skin that hangs outside the abdominal cavity
spermogenesis
excess cytoplasm sloughed off = mature egg
spermogensis pattern
spermatogonia-prim. sperm - spermatios - mature sperm
how long is the oocyte viable
12 to 24 hours after it is casted out of the ovary
how long is the sperm viable
12 to 48 hours after ejaculation
how long is super sperm viable
72 hours after ejaculation
how do sperm locate the oocyte
they are attracted to the oocyte by chemicals that act as a ‘homing device’
how long does it take for the sperm to get to the uterine tubes
1 to 2 hours
How are sperm able to break down the corona radiata
when sperm reach the oocyte, hundreds of their acrosomes rupture, releasing enzymes that break down the “cement” that holds the follicle cells of the corona radiata
what happens to the sperm that reaches the oocyte’s membrane
it’s head (nucleus) is pulled into the oocyte cytoplasm
how does the oocyte change after sperm penetration
the oocyte nucleus completes the second meiotic division, forming the ovum and a polar body
fertilization
occurs when genetic material of a sperm combines with an ovum to produce a zygote
acrosome
sperm “helmet” that contains enzymes
prostate gland
secretes fluid to activate sperm
spermatogonia
primitive sperm stem cells
lh function
activates interstitial cells
fsh
produce sperm
secondary sex characteristics
- deepening of the voice due to enlargement of the larynx
- increased hair growth all over the body, and particularly in the axillary and pubic regions and the face
- enlargement of skeletal muscles to produce the heavier muscle mass typical of the male physique
- increased heaviness of the skeleton due to thickening of the bones
prenatal testing
- ultrasound
- chronic villi sampling
- amniocentesis
infertility treatment
- ICI
- IVF
- ICSI
embryo
- from the start of cleavage to the 9th week
- embryo reaches uterus in a 16 cell state + day day 17 of the cycle
- embryo floats temporarily
blastocyst
- EPT
- ball of cells (100)
- produces hcg
- keeos the c.l. producing progesterone
- has attached to the endometrium by day 21 of the cycle
After implantation
- chorionic villi+ uterine tissue = placenta
- amniotic fluid fills placenta
- endocrine replaces c.l, which is done by the end of 2nd trimester
- placenta takes over pro.
- by week 9= fetus
pregnancy and childbirth
- enlargement of uterus
- lumbar curvature
- relaxid = pelvic ligaments + pubic synthesis
G.I System
- morning sickness- pro inc.
- heartburn
- constipation
Urinary System
-kidneys filter blood, more blood = more urine
Resp. System
- nasal congestion
- resp. rate inc
Cardio system
- body h20 inc.
- blood system vol. 25-40% = blood pressure inc.
- varicose veins
childbirth
-labor events that expels infant from the uterus
initiation of labor
- estrogen inc.
- uterine costractiosis
- oxytocin releases by ant. pit.
dilation
- dilation of cervix
- uterine contractions inc.
- amnoid ruptures
expulsion
- infant passes through birth casal
- normal=head 1st
Placental
-delivery stage
Infertility
- infertile= no conception after 1 year of trying
- 70% of cases solved through semen test (sperm count) -body temp. 96 to 98
issues
males: bacteria, smoking, drinking, swollen veins
females: blockage of uterine tubes, ovarian cysts
IUI
sperm cells injected inside uterine
Invitro
test tube baby, fertilized eggs
ICSI
chooses egg from female and uses pipet for sperm and punctures the egg
