Special Senses quiz #3 Flashcards
What are the 3 sections of the ear?
1.) External
2.) Middle
3.) Internal
What is colour blindness due to?
deficiency or absence of 1 of the 3 photopigments which absorb different wavelengths of light
What colours are most commonly lost with colour blindness?
red
green
What is the pupil?
Where light enters the eyeball.
it dilates and constricts with light/lack of
What is the conjunctiva?
delicate membrane covering the sclera of the eyeball. can swell with allergies.
More then half of the sensory receptors in the human body are located where?
the eye
what part of the brain links smells with memories?
Limbic system
( hippocampus)
what is the purpose of the 5 tastes?
sweet= high energy
salty= need to replace electrolytes
bitter= poison of spoiled food
sour= unripe
umami= meaty or savoury
what sense provides us the most direct link to the environment?
smell
chemicals that have an odour are called what?
odorants
what are the 4 senses?
1.) smell
2.) taste
3.) vision
4.) hearing & equilibrium
what is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium?
Static: maintenance of the position of the body/head relative to gravity
dynamic: maintenance of the position of the body/head in response to sudden movements
what parts make up the internal ear?
1.) Vestibule ( static equilibrium)
2.) semicircular canals ( dynamic equilibrium)
3.) cochlea ( for hearing; contain perilymph and endolymph)
what parts make up the middle ear?
1.) Auditory ossicles ( hammer anvil stirrup)
2.) oval window (separates middle ear from inner ear; conveys the vibration to the fluid in the inner ear causing waves)
3.) Auditory/Eustachian tube
(joins middle ear to pharynx)
What parts make up the external ear?
1.) eardrum ( separates external auditory canal from middle ear; vibrates when sound waves hit and in turn vibrates auditory ossicles)
2.) auricle (pinna)
3.) External auditory canal
(meatus; contains ceruminous glands that secrete wax)
An increased curvature of the lens or near vision is called what?
accomodation
what is near point accommodation?
The minimum distance you can focus on an object
To view distant object the lens will?
To increase focusing power the lens will?
1.) flatten
2.) increase
What do cones control?
colour vision
visual acuity/resolution or sharpness of vision
( there are approximately 6 million and are most dense in the central fovea of the macula luted; high numbers in hunters like birds of prey)
what do rods control?
black and white vision in dim light.
discriminate between shades of light and dark
detects shape and movement
( approx 120 million, located more on the periphery of retina; high numbers in night hunters like cats)
The site where the optic nerve exits the eye ball is called the what?
blind spot
What are intrinsic muscles of the eye, and what do they do?
Smooth muscles in the eye that adjust the curvature of the lens ( via the suspensory ligaments)
& adjust the diameter of the pupil ( radial and circular mm of the iris)
What is the retina?
The part of the eye that contains the rods and cones
What is the sclera?
Tough connective tissue layer of the eyeball.
“white of the eye”
Gives the eyeball shape by completely surrounding the eye ( except the cornea)
What is the iris?
Coloured part of the eye. Regulates the diameter of the pupil via the radial and circular mm
What is the lens?
transparent crystalline structure made of protein that focuses light on the retina.
Suspensory ligaments change the shape of the lens for near & far vision.
What is the virtuous chamber?
Posterior chamber.
Located between the lens & retina.
filled with jellylike vitreous body.
Keeps the retina attached to underlying layers
What is the aqueous chamber?
Anterior chamber.
Located between the cornea & lens
nourishes the lens.
site where glaucoma occurs.
What is the cornea?
Curved transparent layer of non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium & underlying connective tissue.
For focusing light
Lasik surgery alters the curvature of the cornea to improve vision
What are 3 important structures surrounding the eye?
1.) Eyelid
2.) Eyebrow/lash
3.) lacrimal apparatus
what lobe in the brain is devotes to processing visual information?
occipital
Where are taste buds found?
soft palate
pharynx
papillae of the tongue
What are the receptors for taste called?
gustatory receptor cells
( located in taste buds)
what is the pathway of vision?
1.) Retina
2.) optic nerve
3.) optic chasm
4.) optic tracts
5.) occipital love of cerebral cortex
what is the pathway of smell?
1.) odorant stimulates receptors n olfactory hair
2.) action potential generated in sensory neuron & travels along the following paired olfactory nerves : cranial nerves/sensory neuron
3.) olfactory bulbs in brain
4.) olfactory tracts
5.) olfactory area of cerebrum in temporal love ( also will travel to limbic system which is why smell is connected with memory)
what is the pathway of sound?
1.) soundwave travels along external ear canal and hits eardrum
2.) Eardum vibrates auditory ossicles
3.) stirrup flexes oval window
4.) sends sound wave to pressure through perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea
5.) This waves vibrates the organ of corti and its hair cells
6.) movement of the hair cells are transformed into electrical signals which travel to the vestibulochlear nerve
