Special Senses quiz #3

Question 1

What are the 3 sections of the ear?

Answer 1

1.) External
2.) Middle
3.) Internal

Question 2

What is colour blindness due to?

Answer 2

deficiency or absence of 1 of the 3 photopigments which absorb different wavelengths of light

Question 3

What colours are most commonly lost with colour blindness?

Answer 3

red
green

Question 4

What is the pupil?

Answer 4

Where light enters the eyeball.
it dilates and constricts with light/lack of

Question 5

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 5

delicate membrane covering the sclera of the eyeball. can swell with allergies.

Question 6

More then half of the sensory receptors in the human body are located where?

Answer 6

the eye

Question 7

what part of the brain links smells with memories?

Answer 7

Limbic system
( hippocampus)

Question 8

what is the purpose of the 5 tastes?

Answer 8

sweet= high energy
salty= need to replace electrolytes
bitter= poison of spoiled food
sour= unripe
umami= meaty or savoury

Question 9

what sense provides us the most direct link to the environment?

Answer 9

smell

Question 10

chemicals that have an odour are called what?

Answer 10

odorants

Question 11

what are the 4 senses?

Answer 11

1.) smell
2.) taste
3.) vision
4.) hearing & equilibrium

Question 12

what is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 12

Static: maintenance of the position of the body/head relative to gravity
dynamic: maintenance of the position of the body/head in response to sudden movements

Question 13

what parts make up the internal ear?

Answer 13

1.) Vestibule ( static equilibrium)
2.) semicircular canals ( dynamic equilibrium)
3.) cochlea ( for hearing; contain perilymph and endolymph)

Question 14

what parts make up the middle ear?

Answer 14

1.) Auditory ossicles ( hammer anvil stirrup)
2.) oval window (separates middle ear from inner ear; conveys the vibration to the fluid in the inner ear causing waves)
3.) Auditory/Eustachian tube
(joins middle ear to pharynx)

Question 15

What parts make up the external ear?

Answer 15

1.) eardrum ( separates external auditory canal from middle ear; vibrates when sound waves hit and in turn vibrates auditory ossicles)
2.) auricle (pinna)
3.) External auditory canal
(meatus; contains ceruminous glands that secrete wax)

Question 16

An increased curvature of the lens or near vision is called what?

Answer 16

accomodation

Question 17

what is near point accommodation?

Answer 17

The minimum distance you can focus on an object

Question 18

To view distant object the lens will?
To increase focusing power the lens will?

Answer 18

1.) flatten
2.) increase

Question 19

What do cones control?

Answer 19

colour vision
visual acuity/resolution or sharpness of vision
( there are approximately 6 million and are most dense in the central fovea of the macula luted; high numbers in hunters like birds of prey)

Question 20

what do rods control?

Answer 20

black and white vision in dim light.
discriminate between shades of light and dark
detects shape and movement
( approx 120 million, located more on the periphery of retina; high numbers in night hunters like cats)

Question 21

The site where the optic nerve exits the eye ball is called the what?

Answer 21

blind spot

Question 22

What are intrinsic muscles of the eye, and what do they do?

Answer 22

Smooth muscles in the eye that adjust the curvature of the lens ( via the suspensory ligaments)
& adjust the diameter of the pupil ( radial and circular mm of the iris)

Question 23

What is the retina?

Answer 23

The part of the eye that contains the rods and cones

Question 24

What is the sclera?

Answer 24

Tough connective tissue layer of the eyeball.
“white of the eye”
Gives the eyeball shape by completely surrounding the eye ( except the cornea)

Question 25

What is the iris?

Answer 25

Coloured part of the eye. Regulates the diameter of the pupil via the radial and circular mm

Question 26

What is the lens?

Answer 26

transparent crystalline structure made of protein that focuses light on the retina.
Suspensory ligaments change the shape of the lens for near & far vision.

Question 27

What is the virtuous chamber?

Answer 27

Posterior chamber.
Located between the lens & retina.
filled with jellylike vitreous body.
Keeps the retina attached to underlying layers

Question 28

What is the aqueous chamber?

Answer 28

Anterior chamber.
Located between the cornea & lens
nourishes the lens.
site where glaucoma occurs.

Question 29

What is the cornea?

Answer 29

Curved transparent layer of non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium & underlying connective tissue.
For focusing light
Lasik surgery alters the curvature of the cornea to improve vision

Question 30

What are 3 important structures surrounding the eye?

Answer 30

1.) Eyelid
2.) Eyebrow/lash
3.) lacrimal apparatus

Question 31

what lobe in the brain is devotes to processing visual information?

Answer 31

occipital

Question 32

Where are taste buds found?

Answer 32

soft palate
pharynx
papillae of the tongue

Question 33

What are the receptors for taste called?

Answer 33

gustatory receptor cells
( located in taste buds)

Question 34

what is the pathway of vision?

Answer 34

1.) Retina
2.) optic nerve
3.) optic chasm
4.) optic tracts
5.) occipital love of cerebral cortex

Question 35

what is the pathway of smell?

Answer 35

1.) odorant stimulates receptors n olfactory hair
2.) action potential generated in sensory neuron & travels along the following paired olfactory nerves : cranial nerves/sensory neuron
3.) olfactory bulbs in brain
4.) olfactory tracts
5.) olfactory area of cerebrum in temporal love ( also will travel to limbic system which is why smell is connected with memory)

Question 36

what is the pathway of sound?

Answer 36

1.) soundwave travels along external ear canal and hits eardrum
2.) Eardum vibrates auditory ossicles
3.) stirrup flexes oval window
4.) sends sound wave to pressure through perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea
5.) This waves vibrates the organ of corti and its hair cells
6.) movement of the hair cells are transformed into electrical signals which travel to the vestibulochlear nerve