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AP2 > Nervous System Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Nervous System Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the Peripheral nervous system?

A

1.) Cranial nerves
2.) Spinal nerves
3.) Ganglia
4.) Enteric plexuses
5.) Receptors

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2
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the brain?

A

1.) Cerebrum
2.) Diecephalon
3.) Cerebellum
4.) Brain stem

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3
Q

What are the subdivisions of the P.N.S?

A

1.) Somatic NS ( voluntary)
2.) Autonomic NS (involuntary-further broken down to sympathetic parasympathetic)
3.) Enteric NS ( brain of the gut)

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4
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

. Balance
. posture
. hand eye coordination

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5
Q

The brain stem is broken down into what 3 parts.

A

1.) Medulla oblongata
2.) Pons
3.) Midbrain
All 3 parts involved in relaying nerves to and from the spinal cord to the brain.

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6
Q

What does the medulla oblongata control?

A

Controls subconscious activities such as:
.respiration
.blood pressure
.heart rate

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7
Q

The diencephalon is broken up with what 2 parts?

A

1.) Thalamus
2.) Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What does the thalamus control?

A

Major relay station for most sensory impulses.
Contributes to motor function from the cerebellum & basal ganglia to motor areas of the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

releases hormones

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10
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A

Communication centre between endocrine & nervous system. Regulates hunger, thirst, pleasure, thermostat, sexual response. It regulates release of hormones from the pituitary.

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11
Q

What are the 4 parts of the cerebrum?

A

1.) cerebral cortex
2.) inner white matter
3.) basal ganglia
4.) limbic system

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12
Q

The cerebral cortex is divided into how many hemispheres?

A

2 ( left and right)

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13
Q

The cerebral cortex has how many lobes?

A

4

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14
Q

why does the cerebral cortex have so many folds?

A

to accomodate an increased amount of interneurons

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15
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

It is the emotional brain.
The amygdala is your emotional responses.
The hippocampus creates new memories.

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16
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

1.) Frontal
2.) Parietal
3.) Temporal
4.) Occipital

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17
Q

What does the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex control?

A

Thinking
Reasoning
Personality
Intelligence
Judgement
Language

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18
Q

What does the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex control?

A

Language
Somatosensory

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19
Q

What does the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex control?

A

Hearing
Language
Smell

20
Q

What does the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex control?

A

Interpretation of visual stimuli

21
Q

There are 3 functional areas of the cerebral cortex. What are they and what do they do?

A

1.) Sensory areas- interpret sensory input
2.) Motor areas- determine motor output
3.) Association areas- emotions, reason, intellect, language

22
Q

What part of the brain is divided into left and right hemispheres?

A

Cerebral cortex ( Part of the cerebellum)

23
Q

What part of the brain is divided into 4 lobes?

A

Cerebral cortex ( part of the cerebellum)

24
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

25
Q

In order list how many:
1.) Cervical nerves
2.) Thoracic nerves
3.) Lumbar nerves
4.) Sacral nerves
5.) coccygeal nerves
there are in the body

A

1.) 8
2.) 12
3.) 5
4.) 5
5.) 1

26
Q

The amygdala and the hippocampus make up what part of the brain?

A

Limbic system

27
Q

What are 2 functions of the spinal cord?

A

1.) Integrate simple response to certain stimuli ( aka reflex)
2.) Relay information to and from the brain

28
Q

Define reflex

A

A fast, automatic pre programmed response to internal or external stimuli

29
Q

Do spinal reflexes require brain input?

A

no. They are the most basic form of response to stimuli.

30
Q

What are 2 types of reflexes

A

1.) somatic
2.) autonomic

31
Q

What is the difference between somatic and autonomic reflexes?

A

Somatic: respond to external stimuli. The effectors are skeletal muscles ie: withdrawal reflex
Autonomic: respond to internal stimuli. Effectors are smooth muscle and glans ie: blood pressure, respiration etc.

32
Q

What are the divisions of the P.N.S?

A

1.) Somatic
2.) Autonomic

33
Q

What is the difference between the somatic NS and the autonomic NS?

A

Somatic:
somatic sensory neurons
somatic motor neurons
info to skeletal mm only
responses are voluntary
Autonomic:
visceral sensory neurons
visceral motor neurons
to smooth mm, cardiac mm and glands
involuntary

34
Q

The P.N.S is divided into somatic and autonomic NS, and the autonomic NS is further subdivided into what categories?

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic

35
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system regulate?

A

Fight or flight response

36
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system regulate?

A

Rest and digest response

37
Q

Where do the nerves arise in a sympathetic response?

A

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

38
Q

Where to the nerves arise in a parasympathetic response?

A

directly from the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord

39
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

” brain of the gut”
An indépendant nervous system which communicates with the central nervous system via parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres.
Motor neurons of the ENS innervate the gut wall and stimulate smooth MM contractions and innervate glands to regulate production of secretions of gut hormones.

40
Q

What part of the brain is involved in control of large automatic muscle movement and muscle tone? ( cells of this region lose function with Parkinson’s disease)

A

Basal ganglia

41
Q

What is the largest portion of the brain?

A

cerebrum

42
Q

What gives white/grey matter their colour?

A

white matter consists of concentrations of myelinated axons.
Grey matter is due to a lack of myelin. It also includes clusters of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals and neuroglia.

43
Q

What are meninges?

A

protective connective tissue coverings of the brain and spinal cord

44
Q

what are the 3 meninges?

A

1.) dura mater ( tough superficial layer)
2.) arachnoid ( middle layer)
3.) Pia mater ( delicate inner layer with blood capillaries adhered to the brains surface)

45
Q

What are the 4 plexuses?

A

1.) Cervical
2.) brachial
3.) lumbar
4.) sacral

46
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

47
Q

List the cranial nerves

A

I olfactory
II Optic
III oculomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulocochlear
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypoglossal

AP2 (24 decks)

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