Nervous System Quiz #2 Flashcards
What makes up the Peripheral nervous system?
1.) Cranial nerves
2.) Spinal nerves
3.) Ganglia
4.) Enteric plexuses
5.) Receptors
What are the 4 main regions of the brain?
1.) Cerebrum
2.) Diecephalon
3.) Cerebellum
4.) Brain stem
What are the subdivisions of the P.N.S?
1.) Somatic NS ( voluntary)
2.) Autonomic NS (involuntary-further broken down to sympathetic parasympathetic)
3.) Enteric NS ( brain of the gut)
What is the function of the cerebellum?
. Balance
. posture
. hand eye coordination
The brain stem is broken down into what 3 parts.
1.) Medulla oblongata
2.) Pons
3.) Midbrain
All 3 parts involved in relaying nerves to and from the spinal cord to the brain.
What does the medulla oblongata control?
Controls subconscious activities such as:
.respiration
.blood pressure
.heart rate
The diencephalon is broken up with what 2 parts?
1.) Thalamus
2.) Hypothalamus
What does the thalamus control?
Major relay station for most sensory impulses.
Contributes to motor function from the cerebellum & basal ganglia to motor areas of the cerebral cortex
What does the pituitary gland do?
releases hormones
What does the hypothalamus control?
Communication centre between endocrine & nervous system. Regulates hunger, thirst, pleasure, thermostat, sexual response. It regulates release of hormones from the pituitary.
What are the 4 parts of the cerebrum?
1.) cerebral cortex
2.) inner white matter
3.) basal ganglia
4.) limbic system
The cerebral cortex is divided into how many hemispheres?
2 ( left and right)
The cerebral cortex has how many lobes?
4
why does the cerebral cortex have so many folds?
to accomodate an increased amount of interneurons
What is the limbic system?
It is the emotional brain.
The amygdala is your emotional responses.
The hippocampus creates new memories.
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
1.) Frontal
2.) Parietal
3.) Temporal
4.) Occipital
What does the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex control?
Thinking
Reasoning
Personality
Intelligence
Judgement
Language
What does the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex control?
Language
Somatosensory
What does the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex control?
Hearing
Language
Smell
What does the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex control?
Interpretation of visual stimuli
There are 3 functional areas of the cerebral cortex. What are they and what do they do?
1.) Sensory areas- interpret sensory input
2.) Motor areas- determine motor output
3.) Association areas- emotions, reason, intellect, language
What part of the brain is divided into left and right hemispheres?
Cerebral cortex ( Part of the cerebellum)
What part of the brain is divided into 4 lobes?
Cerebral cortex ( part of the cerebellum)
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
In order list how many:
1.) Cervical nerves
2.) Thoracic nerves
3.) Lumbar nerves
4.) Sacral nerves
5.) coccygeal nerves
there are in the body
1.) 8
2.) 12
3.) 5
4.) 5
5.) 1
The amygdala and the hippocampus make up what part of the brain?
Limbic system
What are 2 functions of the spinal cord?
1.) Integrate simple response to certain stimuli ( aka reflex)
2.) Relay information to and from the brain
Define reflex
A fast, automatic pre programmed response to internal or external stimuli
Do spinal reflexes require brain input?
no. They are the most basic form of response to stimuli.
What are 2 types of reflexes
1.) somatic
2.) autonomic
What is the difference between somatic and autonomic reflexes?
Somatic: respond to external stimuli. The effectors are skeletal muscles ie: withdrawal reflex
Autonomic: respond to internal stimuli. Effectors are smooth muscle and glans ie: blood pressure, respiration etc.
What are the divisions of the P.N.S?
1.) Somatic
2.) Autonomic
What is the difference between the somatic NS and the autonomic NS?
Somatic:
somatic sensory neurons
somatic motor neurons
info to skeletal mm only
responses are voluntary
Autonomic:
visceral sensory neurons
visceral motor neurons
to smooth mm, cardiac mm and glands
involuntary
The P.N.S is divided into somatic and autonomic NS, and the autonomic NS is further subdivided into what categories?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
What does the sympathetic nervous system regulate?
Fight or flight response
What does the parasympathetic nervous system regulate?
Rest and digest response
Where do the nerves arise in a sympathetic response?
Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
Where to the nerves arise in a parasympathetic response?
directly from the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord
What is the enteric nervous system?
” brain of the gut”
An indépendant nervous system which communicates with the central nervous system via parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres.
Motor neurons of the ENS innervate the gut wall and stimulate smooth MM contractions and innervate glands to regulate production of secretions of gut hormones.
What part of the brain is involved in control of large automatic muscle movement and muscle tone? ( cells of this region lose function with Parkinson’s disease)
Basal ganglia
What is the largest portion of the brain?
cerebrum
What gives white/grey matter their colour?
white matter consists of concentrations of myelinated axons.
Grey matter is due to a lack of myelin. It also includes clusters of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals and neuroglia.
What are meninges?
protective connective tissue coverings of the brain and spinal cord
what are the 3 meninges?
1.) dura mater ( tough superficial layer)
2.) arachnoid ( middle layer)
3.) Pia mater ( delicate inner layer with blood capillaries adhered to the brains surface)
What are the 4 plexuses?
1.) Cervical
2.) brachial
3.) lumbar
4.) sacral
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
List the cranial nerves
I olfactory
II Optic
III oculomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulocochlear
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypoglossal
