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Histology 2 > Special Senses 2 > Flashcards

Special Senses 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main layers of the eye?

A

Outermost (Corneoscleral coat), Middle (Uveal tract) and Innermost (Retina)

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2
Q

What is the cornea?

A

A transparent anterior extension of sclera

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3
Q

What does the uveal tract consist of?

A

Iris and ciliary body anterior and vascularised choroid coat posteriorly

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4
Q

What does the Retina consist of?

A

Layers of nerve cells, their processes support cells and a layer of pigmented epithelium

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5
Q

What is a biconvex lens?

A

Is elastic to allow it to change shape in order to permit accommodation for near vision

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6
Q

What are the chambers in front of the lens filled with?

A

Aqueous humor

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7
Q

Posterior to the lens, is a larger virtual cavity filled with?

A

Vitrous humor

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8
Q

Where does the cornea sit?

A

On the bowman membrane

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9
Q

What is the storma of the cornea?

A

Many layers of hydrated collagen

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10
Q

What is on the inner layer of the cornea?

A

A layer of endothelium sitting on a layer of collagen called Duscemet’s membrane

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11
Q

What is the sclera?

A

A tough coat of collagen and elastic fibres defining the globe

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12
Q

What attaches to the sclera?

A

Tendons of the extraocular muscles

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13
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

Contains smooth muscle that during near visions, relates tension on the zonuar fibres allowing the lens to round-up due to its natural elasticity

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14
Q

What is the iris?

A

Mostly loose connective tissue with a layer of pigmented epithelium on its posterior surface

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15
Q

What does the iris contain?

A

Melanocytes

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16
Q

What happens to the eyes if there is a lot of melanocytes?

A

Brown eyes

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17
Q

What happens to the eyes if there is not a lot of melanocytes?

A

Blue eyes

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18
Q

What changes the diameter in the iris?

A

Smooth muscle

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19
Q

Where are the sphincter papillae fibres found?

A

Near the tip of the iris

20
Q

Where is the excess fluid from the anterior chamber drained?

A

Canal of Schlemm into blood vessles

21
Q

What results when drainage from the anterior chamber is not adequate?

A

Glaucoma

22
Q

What is a transparent spherical structure that is made up of lens fibres?

A

Lens

23
Q

What is the lens packed with?

A

Crystallins

24
Q

What is the lens covered with anteriorly?

A

Outer connective tissue capsule and a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium

25
Q

What way do the lens fibres run?

A

Anterior to posterior

26
Q

What is the retina?

A

Thin layers of nervous tissue lining the inner eye

27
Q

What do the rods do in the retina?

A

Predominate away from the fovea but are absent in the fovea

28
Q

What is found in rods?

A

Pigment

29
Q

Where does the fovea lie in the retina?

A

At the centre of the optical axis on the retina

30
Q

What is at the centre of the fovea?

A

Foveola

31
Q

What is only found in the foveola?

A

Cones

32
Q

What is known as the blind spot?

A

Optic disc

33
Q

What does the optic disc lack?

A

Photoreceptors

34
Q

What is infront of the lens?

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

35
Q

What lies posterior to the lens?

A

The virtual cavity

36
Q

What is the conjuctiva?

A

A thin, transparent mucous membrane

37
Q

What lines the conjuctiva?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells

38
Q

What is between the layers of the cornea?

A

Corneal fibroblasts

39
Q

Function of the sphincter papillae muscles?

A

Under parasympathetic innervation - constrict the pupil

40
Q

Function of dilator papillae muscles?

A

Under sympathetic innervation - open the pupil

41
Q

What does the ciliary body attach to and how?

A

To the lens by a series of zonular fibres

42
Q

What do rods contain?

A

Rhodopsin

43
Q

What happens to the retina at the foveola?

A

It thins and becomes avascular

44
Q

What covers the cones at the foveola?

A

The outer plexiform layer

45
Q

What are the openings in the sclera that the axons pass through known as?

A

Lamina cribrosa

Histology 2 (12 decks)

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