Special Senses 1 Flashcards
What is found at the surface of taste buds?
A small apical pore
What do basal cells act as?
Stem cells
What are the 5 principle tastes?
Sweet, sour, bitter, salty and unami
What happens when an appropriate chemical enters the apical pore and binds to receptors in a taste bud?
Depolarisation of the cell and release of neurotransmitter
What is olfaction epithelium?
Smell
What is olfactory epithelium lined with?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What are the three cell types of olfactory epithelium?
Olfactory receptor cells
Sustentacular cells
Basal cells
What do receptor cells have?
Olfactory knob that extends above the epithelium
What type of epithelium is the olfactory mucosa?
Neuroepithelium
What do sustentacular cells have lots of?
Apical mucrovilli
What are the only cells that can extend axons into the central nervous system?
Basal cells
What does the lamina propria contain?
Blood vessels, Bowmans glands and bundles of axons from the receptor cells
What are Bowmans glands?
Tubuloalveolar glands that produce a serous secretion that is released at the surface and dissolve odorants
Describe the spiral turn of the cochlea?
2.5 turn
Where is the central core of the cochlea?
In the modiolus
What is the ganglion of the bipolar nerve cell bodies?
Spiral ganglion
What are the compartments of the cochlea?
Scala vestibuli, Scala tympani and cochlear duct
Where do the Scala vestibuli and scala tympani communicate?
At the tip of the cochlea
How are sounds produced in the cochlea?
Transduced by hair cells in the organ of corti
Where does the organ of corti sit?
Basilar membrane
What gets longer and thicker when is approaches the tip of the cochlea?
Basilar membrane
Where is the lower frequency of sound in the organ of corti?
Near the tip
Where is the high frequency of sound in the organ of corti?
Near the base
What are the main receptors in the organ of corti?
Inner hair cells
What does each semicircular duct contain?
A swelling called the ampulla
What is the sensory organ within the ampulla?
Crista ampullaris
What are the sterocilia embedded in?
Cupola
What are the 2 swellings in the vestibule?
Utricle and saccule
What are the utricle and saccule lined with?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the sensory epithelium called?
Macula
Modified sweat gland in the ear canal?
Cervminous glands
What is the name of the tip of cochlea and what communicates here?
Helicotrema and the scala vestibule and scala tympani
Set of hair cells?
3-5 rows of outer hair cells
1 row of inner hair cells
What are the support cell of the hair cells called?
Phalangeal cells
The utricle and saccule determine?
Head position
The semicircular canals determine?
Head movement
