Other Reproductive Systems Flashcards
How is the ovum moved down a uterine tube?
Peristalsis and currents made by the ciliated epithelium
Why does the secretory cells secrete nutrients?
For the ovum
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla
Where does the ovum implant?
Uterus
What is the ampulla lined with?
Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells
Both secretion and ciliogenesis is called?
Cyclic
What cells line the isthmus of the uterus?
Secretory and ciliated cells
How many layers of smooth muscle are in the ampulla region?
2
How many layers of smooth muscle are in the isthmus region?
3
What is the uterine wall made up of?
Outer coat (Myometrium) and Inner coat (Endometrium)
What can the endometrium be subdivided into?
Stratum Functionalis and Stratum Basilis
What happens in the proliferation phase of the uterus?
Glands, stroma and vascular grow and increase the thickness of the endometrium
What lines the tubular secretory glands?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What happens in the secretory phase of the uterus?
Glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance to secrete glycogen
What happens in the menstrual phase of the uterus?
Arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction, depriving the tissue of blood that results in tissue breakdown, bleeding and tissue sloughing
What is the cervix?
A short cylinder with a lumen that projects into the upper vagina
What is the cervix lined with?
Stratified squamous epithelium but transitions into simple columnar epithelium
What is the transition zone in the cervix common of?
Dysplasia and neoplastic changes leading to cervical cancer
What are the 4 layers of the vagina?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria
Fibromuscular layer
Adventitia
Are there glands in the wall of the vagina?
No
How is the vagina lubricated?
By mucous from the cervical glands and fluid from thin-walled blood vessels of the lamina propria
What is skin which contains highly oblique hair follicles overlying a substantial subcutaneous fat pad?
Mons Pubis
What is an extension of mons pubis that is rich in apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands?
Labia Majora
What is thin skin flaps, lack subcutaneous fat and hair follicles, rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands, keratinised epithelium that extends into opening of vagina to the hymen and transitions to non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Labia Minora
What contains 2 tubes of erectile vasculature tissue, covered by a fibrocollagenous sheath and covered by skin with rich innervation and a thin epidermis?
Clitoris
How many lobes is the secretory tissue of the breast made up of?
15-25 lobes
What does each lobe of the secretory breast consist of?
A compound tubule-acinar gland which drains via a series of ducts leading to the nipple
What do terminal ductules lead into?
Intralobular collecting duct
What does the Intralobular collecting duct lead into?
Lactiferous duct
What does the lactiferous duct lead into?
Nipple through the lactiferous sinus
What covers the nipple?
Highly pigmented keratinised squamous epithelium
Does the nipple have a core of dense connective tissue or dense irregular connective tissue?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What is the lactiferous duct lined with?
Stratified squamous epithelium but deeper is is lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium
What are the changes in the breast during menstrual cycle in the luteal phase?
Epithelial cells increase in height, the lumina of the ducts become enlarged with small secretions present
What changes occur in the breast in the first trimester of pregnancy?
Elongation and branches of smaller ducts, proliferation of epithelial cells of the gland and myoepithelial cells
What changes occur in the breast in the second trimester of pregnancy?
Glandular tissue continues to develop, secretory alveoli differentiation, infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes int he nearby connective tissue
What changes occur in the breast in the third trimester of pregnancy?
Secretory alveoli maturation continues, development of extensive rER
During pregnancy what stimulates proliferation of secretory tissue and fibrocartilage-fatty tissue which becomes sparse?
Oestrogen and progesterone
What is the composition of human breast milk?
88% water 1.5% protein 7% carbohydrate 3.5% lipid Small quantities of ions, vitamins and IgA antibodies
Most of the volume of the ejaculate in derived from what?
Seminal vesicles and the prostate glands
What does the bulbourethral glands do?
Contribute a clear fluid that is released before ejaculation which helps lubricate the urethra
What are the 3 segments of the urethra?
Prostatic, membranous and penile urethra
What forms the ejaculatory duct?
The duct form the seminal vesicle joins the vas deferrers
What are the spaces in the prostate lined with?
Heterogeneous secretory epithelium
What lines the urethra?
Transitional epithelium
What does the prostate produce?
A watery fluid that composes 1/3rd of the ejaculate
The prostate gland is divided into which 3 regions?
Transitional zone, central zone and peripheral zone
What has the urethra running through it?
Corpus Spongiosum
How many corpora cavernosa is there?
2
What is the difference between the Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum?
Corpus spongiosum contains more connective tissue that the cavernosa and so has less erectile function to aid the passage of semen through the urethra
What is the penile urethra lined with?
Stratified columnar epithelium and then non-keratisised stratified squamous near the tip of the penis
What are within the blood sinuses in erectile tissue?
Helicine arteries
