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Histology 2 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system?

A

Production of spermatozoa, delivery of semen into female reproductive tract and production of androgens (testosterone)

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2
Q

What are the two layers of mesothelium in the scrotum?

A

Parietal and visceral tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

What is the capsule called that covers the testis?

A

Tunica Albuginea

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4
Q

What sends septa into the testis?

A

Tunica Vasculosa

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5
Q

What is each seminiferous tubule connected with?

A

Tubuli recti to a network of channels known as the rete testis

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6
Q

Function of rete testis?

A

Carries sperm out of the testis by connecting to a series of efferent ducts that form part of the head of the epididymis

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7
Q

What does the body and tail of the epididymis form?

A

A single coiled tube

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8
Q

What conveys sperm away from the scrotum along the spermatic cord during ejaculation?

A

Vas deferens

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9
Q

What lines the seminiferous tubules?

A

Seminiferous epithelium with sertoli cells

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10
Q

What is found in the interstices between the tubules within the connective tissue?

A

Leydig cells

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11
Q

What are Leydig cells?

A

Endocrine cells producing testosterone

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12
Q

What is the process of proliferation and maturation that transforms diploid spermatogonia into haploid spermatozoa?

A

Spermatogeneis

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13
Q

How does a clonal syncytium form?

A

From every mitotic division that results in type B spermatogonia onwards cytokinesis is incomplete

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14
Q

Is the Meiosis 1 fast or slow?

A

Slow

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15
Q

Is Meiosis 2 fast or slow?

A

Fast

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16
Q

What are present between germ cells?

A

Support cells and sertoli cells

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17
Q

What cell extends all the way from the basal lamina to the lumen of the tubule?

A

Sertoli cells

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18
Q

Functions of Sertoli cells?

A

Secrete factors that regulate spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

Secrete factors that control Leydig cells

Secrete tubular fluid

Phagocytose discarded spermatid cytoplasm

Divide the tubule epithelium into 2 compartments via tight junctions

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19
Q

What does Adluminal compartment contain?

A

All other developing cells

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20
Q

What does Basal compartment contain?

A

Spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

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21
Q

What is the process that release spermatozoa by the Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule?

A

Spermination

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22
Q

Where are the rete testis found?

A

At the end of seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

What lines the rete testis?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with cilia

24
Q

How many efferent ducts are there?

A

12

25
Q

What is the function of the efferent ducts?

A

To carry sperm from the rete testis to the head of the epididymis

26
Q

What lines the Efferent ducts?

A

Ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

27
Q

What lines the Epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia

28
Q

What cells surround the epididymis?

A

Smooth muscle cells

29
Q

What lines the vas deferens?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia

30
Q

What are the three coats of smooth muscle in the vas deferens?

A

Outer and inner longitudinal layer and a middle circular layer

31
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are in each lobule?

A

1-3

32
Q

What occurs in the epididymis?

A

Sperm mature and are temporarily stored

33
Q

What is the epididymis continuous with?

A

Ductus deferens

34
Q

What is the function of ductus deferens?

A

Convey sperm away from the scrotum along the spermatic cord

35
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take?

A

70 days

36
Q

What do Type A dark spermatogonia form?

A

A pool of self-renewing stem cells or type A pale spermatogonia

37
Q

What forms Type B spermatogonia?

A

Type A pale Spermatogonia after undergoing mitotic division

38
Q

How long does meiosis I take?

A

3 weeks

39
Q

How long does meiosis II take?

A

Less than a day

40
Q

What are the support cells within the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells

41
Q

What is within the acrosomal cap?

A

Enzymes that allow access through the corona radiate and zona pellucida

42
Q

What occurs to the nucleus of the spermatid during maturation?

A

It elongates

43
Q

How is the flagellum of the sperm formed?

A

One centriole elongates

44
Q

What is a residual body?

A

The released cytoplasm from the spermatid

45
Q

What happens to the residual body?

A

It is phagocytosed by the sertoli cells

46
Q

When are the spermatozoa capable of swimming and fertilisation?

A

During their passage through the epididymis

47
Q

What is abundant in Leydig cells?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

48
Q

What do Leydig cells respond to?

A

LH

49
Q

What secrete LH?

A

Pituitary gland

50
Q

What do seminiferous tubules end as?

A

Straight tubules known as tubule recti

51
Q

Where is the rate testis found?

A

In the mediastinum of testis

52
Q

What does smooth muscle surrounding the efferent ducts form?

A

Thin circular sheath

53
Q

What does the fluted profile of the lumen of the vas deferens allow?

A

Expansion during ejaculation

54
Q

What are sterocilia?

A

Giant microvili

55
Q

What innervates the smooth muscle of the vas deferens?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

56
Q

What is within the spermatic cord?

A

The pampiniform plexus

Histology 2 (12 decks)

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