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Histology 2 > Lymphoid Tissue > Flashcards

Lymphoid Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The innate immune system retains the phagocytic system in the form of what?

A

Monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils

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2
Q

How can you find primary lymphoid organs?

A

Sites of lymphocyte production and maturation (bone marrow and thymus)

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3
Q

How can you find secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Sites to which lymphocytes migrate and aggregate in large numbers (spleen, lymph nodes and lymph nodules)

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4
Q

What are the three forms of lymphocytes?

A

B Lymphocytes, T Lymphocytes and Natural killer cells

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5
Q

What are distinctive whorls of epithelial cells called?

A

Hassall’s corpuscles

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6
Q

The system of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes provide?

A

Drainage of lymph into the vascular system.

Surveillance of tissue for signs of antigens from foreign invaders, such as bacteria

Delivery of absorbed fats from the small intestine into the vascular system via lymphatic vessels in the villi of the small intestine

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7
Q

What centre does a secondary follicle have?

A

Germinal centre

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8
Q

What does the medulla of the lymph node contain?

A

Medullary cords and medullary sinuses

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9
Q

Where do B cells mature into plasma cells?

A

Medulla

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10
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Produce immune response against blood borne antigens

Removal of participate matter and aged blood cells

Production of blood cells during foetal life

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11
Q

What is the white pulp made up of?

A

T cells and B cells

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12
Q

What is the red pulp made of?

A

Blood filled capillaries

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13
Q

What is the main role of adaptive immunity?

A

Destruction

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14
Q

What are barriers against invasion?

A

Skin
Mucosa
Stomach acid
Antibacterial agents

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15
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

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16
Q

What is the adaptive immunity based on?

A

Lymphocytes and cell surface receptors

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17
Q

What must lymphocytes not react to in adaptive immunity?

A

Self antigens

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18
Q

What are examples of autoimmune diseases?

A 
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Addison’s disease
Multiple sclerosis
Hashimoto disease
Graves’ disease
Myasthenia gravis
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19
Q

What is the tissue attacked in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Synovial joints

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20
Q

What is the tissue attacked in Addison’s disease?

A

Adrenal cortex

21
Q

What is the tissue attacked in Multiple sclerosis?

A

CNS myelin

22
Q

What is the tissue attacked in Hashimoto’s disease?

A

Thyroid gland

23
Q

What is the tissue attacked in Graves’ disease?

A

Thyroid gland

24
Q

What is the tissue attacked in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Neuromuscular junction

25
Q

What do B cells produce?

A

Antibodies

26
Q

What do T cells participate in?

A

Cellular immunity

27
Q

What is each lobe of the thymus subdivided by?

A

Septa of reticular fibres

28
Q

What do immature T cells leave?

A

Blood vessels

29
Q

Where do immature T cells enter?

A

Cortex of thymus

30
Q

What happens to failed T cells?

A

Undergo apoptosis and phagocytosis by macrophages

31
Q

What happens to the T cells that survive?

A

Enter the medulla and interact with epithelial cells

32
Q

Where are Hassalls corpuscles?

A

Medulla of thymus

33
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

Neck, axillae and groin

34
Q

Lymphoid follicles can be?

A

Primary or secondary

35
Q

Paracortical region is populated with what?

A

T cells

36
Q

An example of MALT?

A

Waldeyer’ ring

37
Q

Examples of extracellular killers?

A

Lymphocytes and eosinophils

38
Q

What must the immune system have the ability to do?

A

Distinguish from self and non-self

39
Q

What happens when the immune system fails to distinguish between self and non-self?

A

An autoimmune disease occurs

40
Q

What are the three forms of T-cells?

A

Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells

41
Q

Function of natural killer cells?

A

Kill virus infected cells and some tumour cells

42
Q

How are cells of the immune system identified?

A

Using immunohistochemistry

43
Q

What subdivides the thymus?

A

Septa

44
Q

What part of the thymus are immature T cells found?

A

Cortex

45
Q

What do Hassall’s corpuscles contain?

A

Keratin

46
Q

What are the circular aggregations with the lymph node known as and what do they contain?

A

Follicles and B cells

47
Q

What are the densely pack follicles of the lymph node called?

A

Primary follicle

48
Q

What surrounds the germinal centre of the lymph follicle?

A

Mantle zone

49
Q

What is with the mantle zone?

A

Resting B cells

Histology 2 (12 decks)

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