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Anatomy and Physiology > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

process initiated by stimulating receptors

A

sensation

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2
Q

conscious awareness of those stimuli

A

perception

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3
Q

Two types of senses

A

General and Special senses

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4
Q

2 types of general senses

A

Somatic and Visceral

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5
Q

What are the special senses?

A

Smell, Taste, Vision, Hearing, Balance

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6
Q

Types of sensory receptors

A

Mechano, Chemo, Thermo, Photo, and Noci

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7
Q

touch receptor that is associated with light touch and pressure

A

Merkel’s

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8
Q

touch receptor that detects fine, discriminative touch

A

meissner corpuscles

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9
Q

touch receptor that detects continuous pressure in skin

A

Ruffini

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10
Q

touch receptor that detects deep pressure, vibration, and position

A

pacinian

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11
Q

defined as a group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences

A

pain

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12
Q

type of pain that is sharp, prickling, and rapid

A

localized pain or good pain

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13
Q

type of pain that equates to burning, aching, and has slower action potentials

A

diffused pain or bad pain

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14
Q

type of anesthesia that is injected near sensory nerve

A

local anesthesia

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15
Q

type of pain when deeper structures are damaged or inflamed

A

referred pain

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16
Q

airborne molecules that enter the nasal cavity

A

odorants

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17
Q

we can detect at least ____ different smells

A

10,000 or 10k or 10^4

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18
Q

olfactory neurons are what type of neurons?

A

bipolar neurons

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19
Q

what keeps the nasal epithelium moist, traps and dissolves odorants, and facilitates removal of particles?

A

mucus

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20
Q

what is the nerve for olfaction?

A

Olfactory = Cranial Nerve I

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21
Q

where does the olfactory nerve pass through to enter olfactory bulb?

A

foramina of the cribiform plate

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22
Q

where do olfactory tracts terminate in the brain?

A

olfactory cortex

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23
Q

Arrange the neuronal pathway of smell with the first on the top

olfactory bulb
olfactory tracts
axons of olfactory neurons
olfactory cortex
cranial nerve I

A
  1. Axons of olfactory neurons
  2. Cranial Nerve I
  3. Olfactory bulb
  4. Olfactory tracts
  5. Olfactory cortex
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24
Q

histology of taste buds

they include…

A

basal cells, supporting cells, and taste cells

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25
Q

oval structures on the surface of the tongue are called

A

taste buds

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26
Q

the 5 basic types of taste are:

A

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

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27
Q

taste sensation are carried to the brain by which cranial nerve/s?

A

Cranial Nerve VII, IX, X

facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

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27
Q

taste sensation are carried to the brain by which cranial nerve/s?

A

Cranial Nerve VII, IX, X

facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

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28
Q

what structure protects the eye by preventing perspiration from running down the forehead and into the eyes?

A

eyebrows

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29
Q

what structure protects the eye from foreign objects thru blink reflex

A

eyelids

30
Q

thin, transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of eyelids and anterior surface of the eye

A

Conjunctiva

31
Q

inflammation of conjuctiva is?

A

conjunctivitis

32
Q

eye structure that produce tears which flow accross the surface of the eye?

A

lacrimal glands

33
Q

what structure collects the tears of the eye?

A

lacrimal canaliculi

34
Q

from the lacrimal canaliculi, where do tears go?

A

lacrimal sac and enters the nasolacrimal duct then into the nasal cavity

35
Q

what do you call the skeletal muscles responsible for the movement of each eyeball?

A

extrinsic eye muscles

suprior, infrior, mdial, ltrl rectus musklz & superior, inferior oblique

36
Q

Tunics of the eye include:

A

Fibrous, Vascular, Nervous

37
Q

Fibrous Tunic that is the firm, white, and outer connective tissue layer that maintains the shape of the eyeball & muscle attachment site

A

Sclera

38
Q

Fibrous tunic transparent anterior 1/5 of the eye that refracts light that enters the eyes

A

Cornea

39
Q

Vascular tunic that is associated with the sclera; appears black because of melanin

A

Choroid

40
Q

Vascular tunic that contains ciliary muscles which attach to the perimeter of the lens by suspensory ligaments

A

Ciliary body

41
Q

Vascular tunic that is flexible, biconvex, and a transparent disc

A

Lens

42
Q

Vascular tunic colored part of the eyes; contractile structure consisting mainly of smooth muscle surrounding an opening called the pupil.

A

Iris

43
Q

Nervous Tunic that covers the 5/6ths of the eye and has 2 layers; keep light from refraction & has rods nd cones

A

Retina

44
Q

2 types of photoreceptor cells

A

Rods & Cones

45
Q

What photoreceptor cell is responsible for colored vision?

A

Cones

46
Q

what photoreceptor cell is responsible for vision, especially in the dark?

A

Rods

47
Q

Which is more common, Rods or Cones?

A

Rods are 20 times more common

48
Q

what do you call the small spot near the center of the posterior retina?

A

macula

49
Q

part of the retina where light is most focused when eye is looking at an object; contains only cones; area of greatest visual acuity

A

fovea centralis

50
Q

the location through which nerves exit and blood
vessels enter the eye. It has no photosensory cells and is therefore the blind spot of the eye

A

optic disc

51
Q

____ of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to flatten into its normal resting condition, called emmetropia.

relaxation or contraction

A

Relaxation

52
Q

____ of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to become more spherical

A

Contraction

53
Q

process in which the lens changes shape sot that the eye may focus on objects

A

accommodation

54
Q

Colors of cones

A

blue, red, green

55
Q

chambers of the eye

A

Anterior, Posterior, Vitreous chamber

56
Q

Neuronal pathway

Rods & Cones
Optic chiasm
Visual cortex
Thalamus
Optic tract
Optic nerve

A
  1. Rods and Cones
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Optic chiasm
  4. Optic tract
  5. Thalamus
  6. Visual cortex
57
Q

external and middle ears are involved in ____ only. whereas the inner ear functions in ____ (2).

A

hearing only; hearing and balance

58
Q

fleshy parts of the ear on the outside of the head that opens into the external auditory canal

A

auricle

59
Q

thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane/Eardrum

60
Q

auditory ossicles

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

61
Q

The ____ connects the middle ear to the pharynx and
equalizes pressure.

A

Auditory tube or Eustachian tube

62
Q

____ of the inner ear is a canal system within the temporal bone that contains perilymph and the membranous labyrinth.

A

Bony labyrinth

63
Q

3 parts of the bony labyrinth

A

semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea

64
Q

spiral shaped canal within the temporal bone

A

cochlea

65
Q

channel of cochlea that extends from the oval window to the apex of cochlea

A

Scala vestibuli

66
Q

extends in parallel with the scala vestibuli from the apex back to the round window

A

scala tympani

67
Q

formed by the space between the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane and is filled with endolymph

A

cochlear duct

68
Q

part of cochlea below the spiral lamina and the basilar membrane

A

scala tympani

69
Q

part of cochlea above the spiral lamina and the vestibular membrane

A

scala vestibuli

70
Q

pitch is the ____ or ____ of sound. While volume is the ____ of sound

A

frequency or wavelength; amplitude

71
Q

2 types of equilibriium and their associated structures

A

Static = associated with the vestibule
Dynamic = associated with the semicircular canals

72
Q

Vestibule chambers

A

Utricle Saccule

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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