Reproductive Flashcards
process that allows for the exchange of genetic information at the onset of meiosis?
crossing over
If mitosis is for somatic cells, ___ is for gametes
meiosis
products after second meiosis
4 daughter cells containing 23 chromosomes
produces about 60% of the semen
seminal vesicle
site of final maturation of sperm
epididymis
saclike structure that contains the testes
scrotum
what muscle contracts when cold and contraction results in the scrotum being firm and wrinkled, reducing the overall size of the scrotum?
dartos muscle
What is the layer of smooth muscle under the superficial fascia of the scrotum called?
dartos muscle
effect of the contraction of dartos & cremaster muscles?
testes closer to the body = warmer & firm, wrinkled scrotum = smaller in size
site of sperm production in the testes
seminiferous tubules
why is it important that the testes are located outside the body cavity?
sperm must develop at temperatures less than normal body temp
where do human gonads initially develop?
in the abdominopelvic cavity (near the kidneys)
they move from that cavity through the inguinal canal
____ is the process of sperm production
spermatogenesis
what do interstitial cells produce
testosterone
precursor cells of sperm cells are called
spermatogonia or germ cell (spermatogonium for singular)
a mature sperm cell is also known as?
spermatozoon
part of the sperm that contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg is called
acromosome
The ductules that carry sperm from the testis and empty into the epididymis are the?
efferent ductules
the final changes that occur in sperm after ejaculation is termed as?
capacitation
after sperm production in the testes, where does sperm travel to reach the epididymis?
rete testis first then efferent ductules
the duct that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct is called?
vas/ductus deferens
arrange the structures in order
sperm travel
- seminiferous tubules
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- urethra
- ejaculatory duct
- rete testis
- efferent ductules
- seminiferous tubules
- rete testis
- efferent ductules
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
a wider area of the vas deferens close to the prostate
ampulla
tube that transports sperm from the ductus deferens through the prostate gland and into the urethra is the?
ejaculatory duct
arrange
sperm travel structures
- ampulla
- vas deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- membranous urethra
- spongy urethra
- prostatic urethra
- vas deferens
- ampulla
- ejaculatory duct
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- spongy urethra
are seminal vesicles located anterior or posterior to the urinary bladder?
posterior to the urinary bladder
what forms when the seminal vesicles and the vas deferens converge?
ejaculatory duct
What is the erectile column of the penis that passes along the ventral side and encloses the penile urethra?
corpus spongiosum
what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue in the penis?
2 corpora cavernosa - dorsal side
1 corpus spongiosum - ventral side
loose fold of skin that covers the glans penis
prepuce
opening of the penis
external urethral orifice
bulbourethral secretion
mucous for:
- urethra & intercourse lubricant
- neut of vagina & urethra (sperm mvmnt)
Seminal Vesicle secretion
4F (Fluid, Fructose, Fibrinogen, Flavin, Prostaglandin)
Prostate gland secretion
alkaline solution, proteolytic enzymes
thin, milky
A component of the semen that is a thick, nourishing fluid and stimulates smooth muscle contractions is produced by the
seminal vesicles
The gonadotropin that stimulates spermatogenesis is
FSH
In males, FSH targets the ___ and LH targets the ____ of the testes.
sustentacular cells (sertoli cells); interstitial cell
movement of sperm and fluids through the male repro system to the urethra is termed as
emission
forceful expulsion of semen from the urethra is called?
ejaculation
Pleasurable sensations that occur during the sex act culminate in an intense sensation called ____
orgasm
intense sensation after a compilation of pleasureable ones
Pleasurable sensations that occur during the sex act culminate in an intense sensation called ____
orgasm
intense sensation after a compilation of pleasureable ones
phase wherein penis is flaccid and unable to achieve erection
resolution
4 phases of male sexual act
- erection
- emission
- ejaculation
- resolution
is erection sympath.. or parasympa…
parasympathetic
only erection is para; the rest are sympathetic
3 ligaments that secure the ovaries into position
- broad
- suspensory
- ovarian
ligament that connects the ovary to the superior margin of the uterus is the?
ovarian ligament
ligament that attaches the ovary to the lateral body wall
suspensory ligament
ligament that spreads out on both sides of the uterus and attaches to the ovaries and uterine tubes
broad ligament
femal reproductive cells found within the ovarian follicles
oocytes
in what phase does meiosis stop for oogonia? and what is the cell at this stage called?
meiosis during prophase I, leaving primary oocytes as is until puberty
The cells of the innermost layer that surrounds the oocyte in a secondary follicle are called
granulosa cells
meiosis stops at prophase I in the first meiotic division with the formation of?
primary oocyte
the follicles that become primary follicles are called?
primordial follicles
primordial has a single layer of granulosa
layer of clear material that is deposited around the primary oocyte
zona pellucida
developing female gametes as they progress through meiosis I
primary oocytes
capsule surrounding a secondary follicle
theca
fluid-filled cavity in a mature follicle
antrum
A follicle that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells surrounding a large primary oocyte
primary follicle
the release of what from an ovary is called ovulation
secondary oocyte
fluid-filled cavity in a mature follicle is called
antrum
The mass of granulosa (epithelial) cells surrounding the oocyte in the mature follicle are the?
cumulus cells
What will be formed only if the secondary oocyte is fertilized?
second polar body
penetration of a secondary oocyte by a sperm cell is known as
fertilization
remnants of the follicle formed after an egg has been ovulated?
corpus luteum
If meiosis II of oogenesis completes, the small, nonviable daughter cell that is formed is the
second polar body
duct that extends from the ovary to the uterus and conveys an egg to the uterus
fallopian tube/uterine tube
Fringelike projections extending from the opening of the uterine tube are called
fimbriae
also the long, thin projections from fallop tube that surround the ovary
widest and longest portion of the uterine tube where fertilization usually occurs is called the
ampulla
superior broad part of the uterus is called the
fundus
layers of the uterine wall
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
process wherein fertilized oocyte travels to the uterus and embeds in the uterine wall.
implantation
3 major parts of the uterus
Fundus = superior
Body = main part
Cervical canal = inferior
The passage through the cervix that connects the uterus and the vagina is the
cervical canal
It is the site of implantation and the source of menstrual discharge.
what muscle layer
endometrium
what ligaments supports the uterus
broad ligament and round ligament
condition wherein the pelvic floor in a woman weakens and the uterus extends inferiorly into the vagina
prolapsed uterus
membrane that stretches across the vaginal orifice
hymen
the female external genitalia are collectively known as?
vulva
thin, hairless folds of skin lateral to the vaginal and urethral openings are called the
labia minora
tube that allows discharge of menstrual fluid, receipt of the penis and semen, and birth of a baby
vagina
erectile organ of the female genitalia
clitoris
external fold of the labia minora that covers the clitoris
prepuce
vagina and urethra open into a space called?
vestibule
hair-covered anterior surface over the pubic symphysis
mons pubis
two large skin folds that usually come together to conceal the structures of the vestibule
labia majora
colored circular zone surrounding the nipple of the breast
areola
what do you call the region between the anus and the vagina?
clinical perineum
abnormal enlargement of male breasts
gynecomastia
ligaments that attach the breast to the dermis of the overlaying skin and the fascia of the pectoralis major
suspensory ligaments
first sloughing of the uterine lining is called
first mentstrual bleeding
menarche
during what phase does the part of the endometrium sloughs off?
menses
3 phases of the menstrual cycle
menses, secretory phase, proliferative
secretory and proliferative phases are associated with which structure?
uterus
involves the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its egg and surrounding cells at about day 14 of the ovarian cycle
ovulation
What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?
Progesterone
What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?
Progesterone
highest also during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
Ovulation is due to a spike in the levels of what hormone?
Luteinizing hormone
What structure implants in the endometrium of the uterus?
blastocyst
if blastocyst implants outside the uterus, ectopic pregnancy
