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Anatomy and Physiology > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

the specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the lining of the small intestine are called?

A

lacteals

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2
Q

organs of the lymphatic?

A

spleen, thymus, and tonsils

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3
Q

from lymphatic capillaries, where does lymph flow directly to?

A

lymphatic vessels; then L or R subclavian vein

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4
Q

Which feature of the lymphatic capillaries allows fluid to enter from the interstitial space but prevents the lymph from returning to the interstitial space.

valve-like reason

A

overlapping squamous cells of vessel walls

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5
Q

structure of fluid flow in order

blood travels to and from to become lymph

A
  1. blood capillaries (blood)
  2. interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
  3. lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
  4. lymphatic vessels (lymph)
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6
Q

lymphatic vessels are present in most tissue of the body except?

5 siya, what r those?

A

CNS, Bone Marrow, Cartilage, Epidermis, and Cornea

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7
Q

does lymph have red bloodz in it?

yes or no

A

no. rbcs are too large (same w/ protein)

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8
Q

factors affecting lymph flow

3 siya

A
  1. smooth muscle contractions (of lymph vessels)
  2. skelet muscle contracting around vessels
  3. pressure changes in the thorax during breathing
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9
Q

the main type of fiber comprising lymphatic tissue is?

A

reticular fiber

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10
Q

the majority of lymph is drained where?

right lymph duct or thoracic?

A

thoracic duct

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11
Q

what tonsil is also known as adenoids?

A

pharyngeal tonsils

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12
Q

lymphatic structures found between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity/pharynx?

A

tonsils

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13
Q

most important and most prevalent type of wbc that comprises lymphatic organs?

A

lymphocyte

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14
Q

Lymph nodes are surrounded by a tough connective tissue ___ that extends into the node to form ______, which subdivide the lymph node.

A

capsule; trabeculae

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15
Q

The space between aggregates of lymphatic tissue that contains a network of fibers with attached macrophages

A

lymphatic sinus

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16
Q

Which structure divides lymph nodes into different compartments?

A

Trabeculae

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17
Q

If germinal centers contain lymphocytes, where r the macrophages?

A

lymphatic sinuses

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18
Q

tough connective tissue that surrounds lymph nodes?

A

capsule

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19
Q

these are extensions of the capsules that extends into the node

these subdivide a node in2 areas containing lymphatic tissue & sinuses

A

trabeculae

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20
Q

is the spleen responsible for lymph filtration?

yes or no

A

no, spleen filters blood instead of lymph

may also act as a blood reservoir, and kill old nd dmged rbcs

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20
Q

is the spleen responsible for lymph filtration?

yes or no

A

no, spleen filters blood instead of lymph

may also act as a blood reservoir, and kill old nd dmged rbcs

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21
Q

the lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries within the spleen

A

white pulp

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22
Q

this pulp is associated with the veins nd consists of a fibrous network, filled with macrophages & rbcs, and enlarged capillaries that connect to the veins

A

red pulp

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23
Q

the ability to resist damage from foreign substances and cancer cells

A

immunity

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24
Q

site of T cell maturation

A

thymus

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25
Q

cells produced in the red bone marrow that may either mature in the marrow or thymus and then reside in lymphatic tissue

A

lymphocytes

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26
Q

when response is rapid but fixed, it is known as what type of immunity?

A

innate immunity

adaptive takes longer kasi nga nag-aadapt

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27
Q

specificity and memory are characteristics of what type of immunity?

A

adaptive

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28
Q

what happens when an individual does not have a thymus?
a. they will not have any immunoprotection
b. they will not have mature b-cells in circulation
c. they will not be able to produce complement
d. they will not have mature t-cells in circulation

A

D. they will not have mature t-cells in circulation

considering pati na thymus is responsible for t-cell maturation

29
Q

A group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the blood, normally in inactive form, is called

A

complement

30
Q

complement can be activated by combining with?

2 sila

A

(1) parts of a bacterial cell & (2) antibodies

31
Q

the effects when commplement is activated

A
  1. promotion of inflammatory response
  2. increased phagocytosis
  3. lysing of cells
32
Q

white blood cell movement towards damaged tissue in response to chems released by the tissue and other cells

A

chemotaxis

basta taxi hehe

32
Q

the most important component of the immune system

A

WBCs

33
Q

accumulation of dead cells, fluids, and tissue debris at the site of infection is called

A

pus

34
Q

leukocytes in the blood that release histamine and leukotrienes and promote inflammation

A

basophil

35
Q

cells that are nonmotile and found in connective tissue

(contribute in histamine and leukotriene release)

A

mast cells

36
Q

the leukocyte that composes 15% of all lymphocyte is?

A

NK cell (natural killer)

37
Q

Virus and tumors are recognized by what leukocyte in innate immunity?

A

Natural Killer Cells

38
Q

Immune cell & complement activation can occur as a result of?

A

Inflammation

39
Q

two types of inflammation

A

local (specific region) nd systemic (throughout the body)

40
Q

chemicals that stimulate fever production to enhance phagocytosis and inhibits replication of some microorgz

A

pyrogens

41
Q

___ are substances that stimulate adaptive immune responses

A

Antigens

42
Q

two types of antigens

A

foreign and self

43
Q

this refers to an overreaction of the immune system to a foreign antigen

A

allergic reaction

44
Q

When self-antigens stimulate unwanted tissue destruction, ___ disease can be the result.

A

autoimmune

45
Q

Proteins that bind and respond to specific antigens are called

A

antibodies

immunoglobulins

45
Q

B cells and antibodies are the primary components of what type of adaptive immunity

A

antibody-mediated

46
Q

what part of the lymphocytes combine with specific antigens to initiate adaptive immune response?

A

receptors

receptors combine with antigens

47
Q

The adaptive immunity cells that are able to circulate between the blood, lymph, and peripheral tissues are the?

A

lymphocytes

48
Q

lymphocytes with identical receptors are called?

A

clones

all cells in a clone respond only to a particular antigen

49
Q

The cells that phagocytize foreign antigens are called?

these cells also insert antigens on their cell membranes w/ MHC class II

A

antigen presenting cells

50
Q

this class of lymphocytes respond to MHC II and they activate B cells and effector T cells

A

Helper T cells

51
Q

True or False

Helper T cells secrete cytokines that stimulate other immune cells.

A

True

52
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity is most often stimulated by the activation of what lymphocyte?

Helper T or B cell?

A

Helper T cells

helper T stimulates B cells

52
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity is most often stimulated by the activation of what lymphocyte?

Helper T or B cell?

A

Helper T cells

helper T stimulates B cells

53
Q

CD4 cells are also known as?

A

Helper T cells

54
Q

produced by helper T cells when presented with an antigen

A

Interleukin-2

55
Q

the cells that produce antibodies are called?

A

plasma cells

`

56
Q

Stimulated B cells divide to form cells that secrete

A

antibodies

57
Q

The region of an antibody molecule that binds to the antibody’s target antigen is called the

A

variable region

58
Q

The region of an antibody that can activate complement or bind to mast cells, macrophages, or basophils is the?

A

constant region

constant for complement activation; variable in antigen combination

59
Q

four polypeptide chains of antibodies?

A

2 heavy; 2 light

identical w/ each other

60
Q

The immune response that occurs after the first exposure to an antigen is referred to as the

A

primary immune response

61
Q

memory B cells respond to an antigen during a ___ immune response

A

secondary immune response

62
Q

Immunoglobulin Identification

The majority of antibodies in the body are of this type. It activates complement and is able to cross placenta. It is responsible for Rh reactions in newborns.

Gago May Aso Eto Daw

A

IgG

63
Q

Immunoglobulin Identification

It activates complement and functions as an antigen binding receptor on the surface of B cells. It is responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood system and is the first antibody type produced during a primary immune response.

A

IgM

64
Q

Immunoglobulin Identification

It is found in saliva, tears, and mucous membranes, colostrum and milk. It also provides immune protection for newborns.

A

IgA

65
Q

Immunoglobulin Identification

It binds to mast cells and basophils and stimulates inflammation.

A

IgE

66
Q

Immunoglobulin Identification

It functions as an antigen-binding receptor on B cells.

A

IgD

67
Q

What specific cell type is the effector cell for cell-mediated immunity (i.e., the cell type that destroys the antigen-containing cell)?

A

Cytotoxic T cell

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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