Special Research Designs Final Flashcards
internal validity
-does the IV variable actually causes the DV
or something else at worl
-a continun
3 steps to identifying a causal relationship
1.temporal procedence
-cause come first
2.covariation of the cause and efffect
-presence cause =presence effect
-absencete cause=abesent effect
3.elimination plausable alternative explanation
key features of true experiments that helps achive intenal validity
-manipulated IV
-measure DV
-experimental control over confonding variables
ex:random assigment
the next best thing when a true experiment isnt possible
1.single case
2.quasi-experiments
3.developmental design
1.single case
a) ABA reversal design
b)ABAB reversal design
c) Multiple baseline design
single case design
-a reserch design in which the effect of the IV is assessed using data from a single participant
-the participant’s behaviour is first meaured during a baseline control time (the treatment is not used)> the manipulation is then intrudeced during a treatment period ,and the participants behaviour is anaylised
a) ABA/reversla design
A(baseline period)>B(treatment period)>A(baseline period)
b)abab
A(baseline period)>B(treatment period)>A(baseline period)>B(treatment)
it may be better then ABA because it prevents random situations to flunctuate the results (what is the chance that u got a puppy twice)
c)Multiple baseline design
-a few participants
-basiline -treatment
-key feature:stagger start of treatment
-can have more then one participants
-does it work across situation
c)Multiple baseline design
observing behaviour before and after manipulation under multiple circustances(across individuals,behaviours,settings)
cons of single case design
-questionable generalability
2.Developmental reserch
interested in age related trends throught the life span
-age as an IV
-its not assigned
age effect
any differences caused by underlying processes,such as biological or psychological changes that occur with aging
Cohort effects
Differences caused by experiences and circumstances unique to the generation to which one belongs
ex: WW
Time of measurement effect
differences stemming from sociocultural,environmental,historical or other events at the time of data collection
ex: measuring levels of happiness while there is a recession going on
effects are confound variables
development reserch
a)cross-sectional
b)longitudinal
c)sequential
a)cross-sectional design
compare groups of participants of differing ages at a single point in time
benefits
-less expensive
- immediate results
cons
-must infer developmental changes(problametic)
-differences may be due to cohert effect
b)longitudinal design
observe one group of participants repredetly over time
benefits
-evidences for developmental changes
cons
-loss of participants
-expensive and long
-measures,interests change
-results may not generalize to other cohorts
-possible time of measurment effects
c) sequential design
longitudinal designs with more than one cohort
-it is almost like a cross sectional comperasion across time (where new ages are edded)
if average across all three to see age effect
can control cohort and time measurment effect
