Observational Methods Final Flashcards
non-experimental design
1.case study
2.observation
3.analysis of texts
4.correlations
quantative data
-numbers/simple/measure
-simple numeric data
-measurment
-prediction(purpose)
-always hypothasis
-broad,generalizible
-large and represenative of population(samples)
ex:biology,math,econ,psychology
qualitive
words/complex/meaning
-complex,rich data
-interpretation
-rarely hypothais
-limited to specific context
-choosen on purpose
ex:philosophy,sociology,languages,history
psychology:qualative vs quantative
qualitative:
-case studies
-naturalistic observation
-interviews
-focus groups
vs
quantative:
-experimental design
-correlational
-longitudinal
-quasi-experiments
-systemetic observation
- Naturalistic observation
researcher immerse self in a natural setting to collect information over time
goal
to accuratly record,describe and interpret experiences in a particular setting
-observe people and events
-interview key’‘informations’’
-examine relevant documents
naturalistic observation
pros
-generates hipothasis for later controlled studies
-high ecological validity:natural
cons:
-reactivity vs ethical
-overwhelming amount of data
-time consuming
-cant test hypothasis
-cant generalize to other context
-
systemetic observation
- specify observable categories of behaviour
2.observe people in a relevant setting
3.code behaviour into specified categories
location
lab or field
situation
contrived or natural
coding
live or videotaped
benefits
generates hypothasis
can test hypothaisi
can habe high ecological validity
cons
-inter-rater reliability
-reactivity(they may act differently because they are being observed)
-time consuming
-generalize to other context?
2.case studies
intens study of a single person,group,incident,community
can also use with these methods
-naturalistics
-archival
single-case quasi-experiment
-interview
benefits
-generate hypothaisis
-can illustratea theory
cons
-cannot be used to a support thoey
-misused in the media
3.analyzing ‘‘text’’
-discourse analysis
-content analysis
discourse analysis
identifying the meanings/themes within the text
social relation
discourse analysis
Discourse analysts seek to understand
how our uses of language reflect and
shape our beliefs, experiences,
interactions and identities.
who is in power,reality,social structures
benefits
clearly describe methods
systemetic coding
systematic selection of text
cons
take more time
usually a smaller number
quality over quantity
cotent analysis
counting the frequency of words or symbols
-faster than discorse analysis
-can cover more text
-quantaty over quality
texts
anything that have text
