scientific thinking final: part 2

Question 1

what is psychology

Answer 1

psychology is the scientific study of the mind,brain, and behaviour

Question 2

how do we explain behaviour ?

Answer 2

ways of knowing :

-scientific methods
-unseientific (non-data-driven methods)

Question 3

unsientific methods

Answer 3

-folk wisdom
-common sense
-authority
-intuition

Question 4

critical thinking

Answer 4

the ABILITY and willigness to evaluate the truth and/or completion of one’s knowdge, to SEEK EVIDENCE before declaring something truth, to EVALUATE that evidence before accepting or rejecting

Question 5

why do we use quantitive reserch method in psychology?

Answer 5

it gives us a common languague and a took to guide and ecorage critical thinking

Question 6

scientific skepticism

Answer 6

1.keep an open mind to all claims

2.accept only claims that have been tested

3.re-evaluate claims when presented with new evidence

Not accepting something as true unthinkingly, but rather seeking out and evaluating the relevant evidence to shape our beliefs about what might be true.

Question 7

!3 keys characteristics of science

Answer 7

1. systemetic empiricism
   -rely on obiservation
   -reserch methods offer this structure

2.Production of public knowledge
-peer review
-replication

3.serch to solve problems

Question 8

4 other characteristics of science

Answer 8

universalism, communism,
disin- terestedness,
organized skepticism

Question 9

if things canot be observed (universalism)

Answer 9

then it can not be used the scientific methods

ex:if ferries exist

Question 10

universalism

Answer 10

scientific observations are systematic and structured, and evaluated objectivily using accepted methods

Question 11

communality

Answer 11

-transparently reported
-full disclosed data,results,methods
-same results once duplicated

Question 12

2 types of replications

Answer 12

-exact replication
-conceptual replication

Question 13

exact replication

Answer 13

replication that is made exaclty a like the first time(ex:same questions,similar circustances)

Question 14

conceptual replication

Answer 14

the concept is the same of a study but everthing is not exacly the same thing as the first time (ex:different scenerions/questions )

Question 15

run study > submit for publication > peer review > run study…

Question 16

peer-review

Answer 16

-at a jornal
-anonymus reviewer
-expersts comment on reserch
edditors make decisions

Question 17

decisions

Answer 17

-accept paper(pretty rare)
-revise and resubimit
-reject

Question 18

existing knowledge > unanswered question > conduct reserch>more evidence>publish communicate>existing knowledge…

Question 19

Disinterestedness

Answer 19

Science should should be done for the sake of science, rather than self-interest or power. Merton says that

Question 20

Organized Skepticism

Answer 20

science should be critical of work even if supports their idea

-peer review

Question 21

science relies on

Answer 21

empirical observation

Question 22

theories/hypothasis must be testable

Answer 22

falsifiable

Question 23

what is pseudo-science

Answer 23

claims that sound scientific but arent backed up with actuall eveidence or a very week one often used to sell a product.services or therapies

Question 24

example

Answer 24

dating app that claims that will find you love by using methods formulated by psychologists

Question 25

how do you identify pseudoscience?

Answer 25

-exagerated claims without strong evidence

-overrealince on anacdotal evidence

-psychobabble-sounds scientific

-claims of scientif proof but no link to actual reserch

-absence of adquant peer review

-lack of self-correlation

-unfalsifiable claims

Question 26

falsifibility

Answer 26

the possability that a claim can be proven to be false by an observation or experiment

ex:people who excercise have better grades

Question 27

unfasifiable claim

Answer 27

a claim that can not be proven false

ex: mairmaids exists, u didnt find them cause they only appear if you look away