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Psychology 217 > correlation design > Flashcards

correlation design Flashcards

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1
Q

]

correlation design

A

a type of non-experiment
draw a sample,then measure 2 or more different variable
-see how well they hang together
-how they are related

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2
Q

example facebook

A
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3
Q

positive linear

A

up

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4
Q

negative linear

A

Down

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5
Q

no linear relationship

A
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6
Q

correlation (r)

A

a statistic that indexes the degree of relationship between two variables

-+/- = direction of relationship (posit or negative)

  • Numbers= strenght of the relationship
    (how close is one variable associated with the other one)
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7
Q

linear relationship can be summirized by a single number

A

r = correlations

r can range from -1 to +1

  • -1=perfect negative linear relationship
  • +1= perfect positive linear relationship
  • 0=no relationship

the closer to the number -1 or +1 more correlation it has

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8
Q

correlation does not equal causation!!!!

A

ex

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9
Q

third variables vs confound varible

A

third varible - that causes that correlation to happen

confound variable-the problem is in the defenition of how to mesure the interest

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10
Q

when can we say different varible a cause of change virable

A

in experimental design

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11
Q

experimental method

A

it involves manipulation of one variable,controls of several other variables and then measure the outcome variable (DV)

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12
Q

experimental design

A

A must happen before B
when A is present, B must follow
when A is absent, B should not follow
when Ais the only thing change that might affect B

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13
Q

basic experiment design

A

1.sample(random assigment)
condition 1 (independable variable) condition 2= dependable varibles

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14
Q

independent variable

A

cause

is independent of the participants / is controled by the reserchers

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15
Q

dependent variable

A

effect/responde

is dependent of participants

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16
Q

internal validity

A

the extent to which you can be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship established in a study cannot be explained by other factors.

17
Q

what criteria does a study need to have to have hight internal validity?

A

1.co-variation between two varibles

2, temporal precedes

3, eliminate plausable alternative explanation

18
Q

1.co-variation

A

changes in one variable must cause in another (change in IV must cause change in DV)

19
Q

2.temporal precedes:

A

IV proceds the DV

20
Q

3. eliminate plausable alternative explanation >

A

can the difference in the DV the attributed only to the manipulated iV
(good design)

21
Q

how do we achive internal validity(well design experiment has hight internal validity)

A

1.exeprimental control

2.rendom assigment of people to condition

22
Q

1.experimental control

A

everythings continue the same across condition except the variable that is being manipulated

23
Q

confound 2

A

a varible that is interwind with iv and may impact the dv
could explain all or part of the result

24
Q
  1. random assigment
A

random assigment is a method of assigning subeject to experimental and control group so that each subject in the experiment has the same chance of being assign to eacgh group

allows the resercher to balance out influenceof all othersvariable except the iv

the bigger the sample the better

25
Q

independent groups(between groups)

A

random assigment
into 2 different conditions

26
Q

repeted measures design
(within group)

A

all participants recive both condition of the iv

compare avarage scores on the dv for each condition

27
Q

pros

A
  • needs fewer participants
  • less cost
  • more power to see the effect of IV on DV if there is one
28
Q

cons

A
  • order effect (fatigue,practice,contast)
  • mortality(people may give up by the middle of the experiment)
  • dealing with counterbalance order
  • lenght of time intervals
29
Q

potential problematic effects

carry-over effects/order effect

A

whenever a participants responses in a given condition is effected by having previosly participated in other conditions in the experiment

the effects of one condition carry over to others

30
Q

carry-over effect=order effects

types of order effect

A

1-practice effect
2-fatigue effect
3-contrast effect:

31
Q

contrast effects

A

Participants interprets one condition of the IV differently because of having previously participated in the other condition of the IV(violence and punishment effect)

32
Q

how to conterbalance measuring order effect?

A

use two groups with two different orders (random assigment to order)

33
Q

adressing order effects

A

-random assigment of order(already disscussed)

-filler task
ex: sad video>critique essey> madetition>happy video >critique paper

-passage of time (for fatigue and constrast)
seconds,minuts,hours
sad video >critique>time out>happy video>critique paper

34
Q

cost/complexity

A

order effects
-fatigue,practice,constrast
dealing with conterbalancing orders
-4 conditions = 24 order
-can use latin square
-mortality(they dont came back)

35
Q

benefits

A
  • more power to see the effect of IV on DV
  • it can help us identify the contribution of our IV to explaining variability in the DV
  • need fewer participants
  • less cost
36
Q

balanced square

A

1-each tratment must occur once with each participant

2- each treat must occur the same number of times for each time period or trials

3-each treatment must procede and follow every other treatment an equal number of times

Psychology 217 (19 decks)

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