Special Properties Of Oxygen And Phosphorus Flashcards
In what kind of structures are there delocalisation of electrons
Draw the energy level diagram for phosphorus (has 15e-)
(Hybridised and unhybridised)
Orbital hybridisation = s and p orbitals merge to form (x4) sp3 hybridised orbitals (for sp3 hybridisation) or x3 sp2 and pz (sp2 hybridisation)
The number in front of the sp2/3 represents which energy level s and p orbitals merged (which would depend on what energy level orbital the atoms valence e- are in)
What are resonance forms
Different structures formed by the movement of electrons
What are the properties of phosphate
Why is ATP a good energy storage molecule
Hydrolysis of ATP releases lots of free energy
Easily regenerated
Short term storage of energy
Can be coupled with endergonic reactions
Can transfer phosphorylation groups to other molecules
Easily transported as its stable at cellular pH
What are non bonding orbitals
Orbitals that don’t interact when two atoms are joined together
(E.g 1s orbital in oxygen)
What is the energy level diagram for molecular orbitals in oxygen
Why is oxygen so reactive
It’s paramagnetic (so can act as a magnet)
How do you calculate bond order
What is electronegativity
Described how atoms attract electrons
What is the trend in electronegativity across a period and up a group
Increase nuclear charge across a period - electrons are more attracted to the nucleus = higher electronegativity
As you go up a group less shielding from inner electrons = higher electronegativity
Draw the energy level diagram for a carbonyl group
Why do carbonyl, amine and OH groups have dipoles
The dipoles are induced due to differences in electronegativity
Their bonds are polar because of this
What can the square of a wave function tell you
Magnetic properties of oxygen
Bonds and reactivity
Electronic properties which allow us to do absorbance spectroscopy
Bond angles and bond energies -> tells us shape of molecule
gives the probability density of finding the electron at a particular point in space.
How do you get molecular wave function
Add atomic wave functions to get molecular wave functions
Particles behave as waves
So wave functions can be used to describe where particles are
