Atomic And Molecular Orbitals Flashcards
What can an electron be described as
What can a wave function tell you about an electron
Can tell you where an electron is
What can a radial electron distribution graph tell you about an electron
What does the square of the wave function tell you
Electron density
What shape are s orbitals
Sphere
What is the equation for calculating electrostatic potential energy (coulombs law) and what does each component of the equation mean
What does it mean if q1 is negative and q2 is positive (coulombs law)
What does it mean if q1 and q2 are both negative
What is the diagram for a 2p orbital
What is aufbaus principle
What is the Pauli exclusion principle
2 electrons per orbital, spins paired
Electrons have to have opposite spins
What is hunds rule
Due to repulsion between electrons
So electrons wouldn’t hate an orbital if there are empty orbitals of the same energy
Why is the electron in the 1s orbital most favourable
Closest to nucleus → low energy → high attraction
As energy increases → less favourable (so electron would be lost more easily)
As nuclear charge increases, why does the energy become more favourable
Why is the outermost electrons in groups 1 and 2 lost easily
That electron is in a high energy orbital
(Has a lower attraction to the nucleus)
What would a wave function diagram look like for 2 molecular orbitals which are both positive (and are moving up and down in synchrony)
What would a wave function diagram for 2 molecular orbitals (which have combined), where one orbital is positive and the other is negative (so they are out of synchrony), look like? Show where the chance of an electron bring present would be zero
Why would 2 orbitals with wave functions that are out of synchrony not form a bond. What is this called
The elections are repelling and only interacting with one nuclei
The wave functions are interacting but no bond is formed this is called antibonding
In a molecular orbital, where would an electron most likely be found
What is one property of molecular orbitals
They are cylindrically symmetrical so if you flip them head still be the same shape
What happens if the antibording orbital has a greater number or same amount of electrons as the bonding orbital
The molecule wont form because in order for the bond to form the number of electrons in the bonding orbital has to be greater than the number of electrons in the antibonding orbital
Draw the energy level diagram for diatomic hydrogen molecule
What is the condition for two atoms to share a pair of electrons
What forms when 2 atomic orbitals overlap
What is a molecular orbital
How many electrons can a molecular and atomic orbital hold
2
What does electrons in a bonding orbital do?
What does electrons in an antibonding orbital do?
What condition must be met for a covalent bond to form
What is a non bonding orbital
What are the two types of molecular orbital
Sigma and pi
What are the 4 types of atomic orbital
Spdf
What does * mean Ontop of a peak on a radial electron distribution graph
Most likely position of an electron (in angstroms e.g * at 2 angstrom= position of electron is two angstroms)
