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Biological Chemistry- Samiyah > Membrane Lipids > Flashcards

Membrane Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cell membranes needed for

A

Partitions cells and organelles from outside environment
Needed for energy generation e.g in mitochondrial
Cell to cell communication
Contains membrane bound enzymes

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2
Q

What is the structure of the plasma membrane

A
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3
Q

What is the structure of phospholipids

A
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4
Q

What are the names of the major phospholipids

A
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5
Q

What is the structure of phosphotidylethanolamine and its net charge

A
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6
Q

What is the structure of phosphotidylserine and its net charge

A
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7
Q

What is the structure of phosphotidylcholine and its net charge

A
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8
Q

What is the structure of sphingomyelin and its net charge

A

Net charge of 0

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9
Q

What is the structure of sphingosine and its net charge

A

Net charge +1

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10
Q

What is sphingomyelin and what is its properties

A
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11
Q

What are the different sterols present in different organisms

A
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12
Q

What is the structure of cholesterol

A
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13
Q

How does the structure of cholesterol relate to its function

A
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14
Q

What are glycolipids

A

They’re lipids modified with sugars

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15
Q

Why is packing of hydrophobic molecules favourable

A

Organised water forms around hydrophobic molecules as they can’t form H bonds with water

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16
Q

Why does a bilayer form

A
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17
Q

Why are cells spherical

A

So is due to ampipathic nature and shape of lipids

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18
Q

What are the properties of membranes

A
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19
Q

What is used to study the properties of membranes

A

Liposomes- these are artificial phospholipid membranes

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20
Q

How are liposomes studied

A

The lipid molecules are tagged with a green fluorescent protein - it emits green fluorescence when exposed to blue light

21
Q

How does photo bleaching of liposomes work

A
22
Q

Why cant movement of lipids from one side of the membrane (one mono layer) move to the other side of the membrane occur

A

This is because the polar head groups would have to move through the hydrophobic core of the membrane which is energetically unfavourable

23
Q

How does movement of lipid molecules within the bilayer occur

A
24
Q

What does the fluidity of the membrane depend on

A
25
Q

How does cholesterol affect phase transition of the membrane

A
26
Q

How is semi permeability of the plasma membrane investigated

A
27
Q

What are lipid rafts made up of

A
28
Q

What is the distribution of different phospholipids in the membrane

A

Distribution of lipids is asymmetrical

29
Q

What is the role of phosphotidylserine

A
30
Q

How does modification of lipid head groups allow for a cell to respond to an extra cellular signal

A

Receptor binds extracellular signal
Receptor dimerises which then activates the receptor protein and becomes pholsphorylated
When the receptor becomes phosphorylated it causes activation of PI 3-kinase
PI 3-kinase then phosphorylates inositol phospholipid
The phosphorylated inositol phospholipid can then bind to an intracellular signal

31
Q

What are the key features of membrane proteins

A
32
Q

What is the general composition of cell membranes

A
33
Q

What is an integral membrane protein

A

Integrated fully into the membrane
Formed by alpha helices or beta strand
Hydrophobic region anchors the protein into the membrane
The part that sticks out is the functional region of the protein

34
Q

What is a single pass transmembrane protein

A

Is an integral protein
One hydrophobic region in membrane
Only formed from alpha helix

35
Q

What is a multi pass protein

A

Many transmembrane domains
Is an integral protein

36
Q

What is a beta barrel

A

Has interconnecting loop regions which is hydrophilic so sticks out above and below the membrane
Is formed from curved beta strands
Beta strand region sits in the membrane

37
Q

What are peripheral membrane proteins

A

Proteins that only associate with one mono layer of the I layer of the plasma membrane
Some form a complex with integral proteins
Can be on the cytosolic or extracellular side of the membrane
Some can have a lipid modification which anchors them to the mono layer of the membrane

38
Q

What is a monotopic membrane protein

A

Has an ampipathic helix
The hydrophobic region of the protein is embedded within the membrane

39
Q

What is a GPI anchor protein

A

Has a lipid modification which anchors the protein the the extracellular side of the membrane

40
Q

What are the 2 major classes of integral membrane proteins

A
41
Q

What is the structure of alpha helices in transmembrane proteins

A

Structure maximised H bonds
All H bonds are intrahelical
Regular arrangement of polypeptide chain
Structure stabilised by H bonds between c=o group of residue n and -NH group 4 residues down

42
Q

Which amino acids are most likely to be in a TM domain of a TM protein

A
43
Q

How can you predict the number of TM domains

A

Hydrophobic it’s analysis
No of bright regions corresponds to the number of TM domains within the bilayer there may be- these domains contain hydrophobic amino acids
A certain no. Of alpha helices are required to make a TM domain

44
Q

What are the characteristics of beta barrel integral proteins

A

Beta barrel forms a trimer in membrane- three barrels put together= structure of porin

45
Q

Name the different types of OMPs and their functions

A
46
Q

What is meant by topology

A

Orientation of a protein relative to membrane/ environment

47
Q

How do G coupled protein receptors work

A

It does 2 different things on different sides of the membrane

48
Q

What can be used to study membrane proteins

A

Detergents - this is because a lipid environment is essential for the structure and function of a membrane protein so detergents maintain the structure and function
The protein is taken out of the plasma membrane and is in solution so it can be analysed

49
Q

How are detergents used to study membrane proteins

A

Biological Chemistry- Samiyah (24 decks)

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