Hybridisation Of Orbitals And Stereochemistry Flashcards
What are stereoisomers
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangement
Chemically indistinguishable
What is a chiral centre
4 different groups attached to a carbon centre
What are enantiomers
Non superimposable mirror images
What is meant by a structural isomer
Same molecular formula, different arrangement
Have to break bonds to form them
What is meant by configuration
Spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule
What is meant by conformation
Occurs due to rotations around a c-c bond (single bond)
What is a hall worth projection (give an example) and what does it show
Draw the structure of beta glucose
Draw the structure of alpha glucose
On what carbon does the configuration of glucose change
Carbon 1- OH group swaps
Glucose can interconvert between alpha and beta glucose in solution
Bonds can break and remake themselves easily
What would happen if the configuration of glucose changed at any other carbon other than C1
Would form a different sugar
What is meant by groups (on glucose) being in the axial and equatorial position
Show how two molecules of alpha glucose join to form amylose which is in starch. What is the shortened name fa this polymer
(glc a1-4)n
a= alpha
Show how two molecules of beta glucose would join to form cellulose and give its shortened polymer name
What are the two ways which can be used to describe how different groups of atoms arrange themselves in different ways
What is the hybridisation of orbitals
What is the hybridisation of atomic orbitals
So the hybridisation of orbitals occurs in the central atom eg carbon
Hydrogen can then form bonds with the orbitals
What do hybrid orbitals allow electrons to do
Occupy new regions of space
Electron density stays the same
Electrons are distributed differently
Valence elections are placed in optimum locations for being shared between atoms when covalent bonds form
Which structures are most favoured
Why can’t rotation occur around c=c or C triple bond C
For rotation to occur ,the pi bond must be broken and reformed, which requires a significant amount of energy
How are pi bonds formed
They are formed from the overlap of unhybridised p orbitals
What is sp3 hybridisation and what shape would the molecule be
What is sp2 hybridisation and what shape would the molecule be
What is sp hybridisation and what shape would the molecule be
