Special Needs Patients Flashcards
saliva stimulant, cholinergic
pilocarpine
saliva stimulant, cholinergic
pilocarpine
prehypertension
120-139, 80-89
stage 1 hypertension
140-159, 90-99
stage 2 hypertension
> 160, >100
side effects of ACE inhibitors, and what type of drug is that?
SE- postural hypotension, dry cough, it is am anti hypertensive
side effects of beta blockers
if non selective use with caution
side effects of CCBs
ging hyperplasia, xerostomia
side effects of diuretics (-thiazides)
postural hypotension, xerostomia
necrosis of heart mm from prolonged ischemia, symptoms- pain, nausea, sweating (diaphoresis), dyspnea, weakness
MI
once nitro is opened, when does it expire?
6 month
if limiting epic, use how many carts of 1:100,000 epi?
2 carpules
hypertension, no identifiable cause, develops over years
primary (essential) hypertension
hypertension, cause an underlying condition (pregnancy, kidney failure, medications, illegal drugs, etc)
secondary hypertension
supply of O2 to brain is disrupted (ischemia)
CVA
electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeat do not work properly, symptoms- rapid hb with erratic electoral impulses of ventricles, tachycardia, fluttering in chest, bradycardia
cardiac arrhythmias, can’t use epi
___ node is pacemaker, ____ node is pace setter
SA, AV
why don’t you use nitrous on someone with congenital heart failure
possible pulmonary congestion
can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, tires easily, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, if taking Digoxin- high gag reflex and limit epic, tx setting semi upright, don’t use air polisher or US
CHF
if they have had valve replacement do they need pre med?
yes
of they have have coronary bypass surgery do they need pre med?
no
common medications for asthma
Albuterol (ventolin)- short acting bronchodilator, emergency rescue inhaler
Salmeterol (Serevent)- long acting bronchodilator
fluticasone (Flovent)- corticosteroid, long term
advair- long acting bronchodilator + corticosteroid
COPD-over inflation of alveoli/air sacs which impairs airflow out of the lungs, shallow breathing, high respiratory rate but good oxygenation, dry cough
emphysema (pink puffer)
COPD- inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes which narrows airways heavy mucous/phlegm, wet cough, cyanosis, increases lung volume
chronic bronchitis (blue bloater)
appt modifications for COPD
tx pt sitting up, no N2O/rubber dam/US/air polisher
inherited disorder of the exocrine glands (tears, saliva, sweat, digestive juices), secretions become thick and sticky, accumulation of mucous blocks O2 exchange in the lungs, sit semi upright
cystic fibrosis
what type of hypersensitivity is Mantoux skin test for tb?
IV- delayed, 48-72 hours after administration
infectious disease from reduced helper t-lymphocyte counts and function
HIV/AIDS
cancer of WBCs, may cause aplastic anemia, my have bleeding problems, poor healing, immune suppression
Leukemia
hereditary blood disorder, hemoglobin defect that causes red blood cells to become sickle shaped and can occlude small vessels
sickle cell anemia
define sickle cell trait
carry one of the autosomal recessive genes
carry both autosomal recessive genes, infection susceptibility, low stress tolerance, delayed tooth eruption, mucosal pallor, atrophy of tongue papillae
sickle cell disease
autoimmune form of IBS, chronic inflammation of large/small intestine, abdominal cramping, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea, weight loss, can involve anywhere from mouth to anus, apthus like ulcers
Crohn’s disease
failure of the kidney to perform essential functions, period, caries, halitosis, bleeding, ulcers
chronic renal failure
modifications for kidney failure
avoid BP cuff in arm with shunt, high risk of hep b/c, HIV, best time for appt day after dialysis
hepatitis. fecal/oral, has vaccine
hep a
hepatitis- blood/body fluids, no vaccine
hep c
hepatitis- blood/body fluids, has vaccine
hep b
hepatitis- fecal/oral, no vaccine
hep e
hepatitis- blood/body fluids, hep b vaccine works for this
hep d
bronzing or tinting of the skin and mucosa, adrenal cortical insufficiency, need extra steroids for stressful situations
Addison’s disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)
too little insulin, too much sugar not taking meds, stress, or infection, symptoms- drowsiness, confusion, deep rapid breathing, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, dehydration, fever, dry flushed skin, sweet breath, active EMS, fluids, keep warm
hyperglycemia (diabetic coma)
most common adverse events in diabetes, too much med, failing to eat, heavy exercise, emotional factors, symptoms are sudden- confusion, anxiety, headache, tachycardia, moist/clammy skin, sweating, shakiness, visual problems, administer sugar
hypoglycemia (insulin shock)
lack of O2 during birth, not disease, not contagious, lack of mm control with involuntary movements and mm spasms, drooling, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, bruxism, high gag reflex
cerebral palsy
progressive, chronic disease causing mm atrophy, onset 20-40, degeneration of mm
muscular dystrophy
spine is curved C or S shape, idiopathic congenital genetic or neuromuscular related
scoliosis
should you give home Fl for Alzheimers?
no
unilateral facial paralysis (7th cranial nn), viral/pregnancy/idiopathic, face droops
Bell’s palsy
chromosomal abnormality, mentally challenged, heart defects, altered immune system, risk of leukemia, fissures tongue, macroglossia, mouth breathing, hypodontia
trisomy 21
chronic degenerative autoimmune disease of the CNS, myelin sheath attacked, young adult women, fatigue, leg stiffness, tremor, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing
multiple sclerosis
chronic progressive disease of neurons that produce dopamine, causes slow movements, tremors, rigid mms
Parkinson’s disease
disordered thinking, inappropriate emotional responses, hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, xerostomia from meds often severe
Schizophrenia
hereditary blistering disorders, slight rubbing or irritation causes large bullae
epidermolysis bullosa
hereditary condition of conn tiss, joints, and skeletal tissues,
Marfan syndrome
autoimmune disorder causing overproduction of collagen, porcelain doll appearance
Scleroderma
5 As of tobacco cessation
ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange
antidepressant (xerostomia, use epic with caution), Rx quit aid for tobacco
Buproprion (zyban)
nicotine agonist
Chantix
position of ___ side for pregnant pt with pillow to elevate right hip
left
