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Dental Hygiene Board Review > Periodontology > Flashcards

Periodontology Flashcards

1
Q

tissues of the periodontium

A

ging, bone, PDL, cementum

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2
Q

functions of the PDL

A

shock absorber, attaches teeth to bone, supplies nutrients to periodontal structures, transmits sensation

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3
Q

collagenous fibers that attach cementum to bone

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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4
Q

principle fiber group- extend inter proximally over alveolar crest; embedded in cementum of 2 adjacent teeth

A

transeptal fibers

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5
Q

principle fiber group- apical to JE, extends obliquely from cementum to alveolar bone

A

alveolar crest fibers

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6
Q

principle fiber group- largest and most significant fiber group, extends from cementum coronally to bone, with stands masticator stress in a vertical direction*

A

oblique fibers

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7
Q

principle fiber group- extend at right angles to long axis of tooth

A

horizontal fibers

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8
Q

principle fiber group- extend from apical aspect of cementum to base of tooth socket

A

apical fibers

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9
Q

principle fiber group- found only in multi-rooted teeth extending from cementum to bone in areas of furcation

A

interradicular fibers

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10
Q

most prominent cells in the PDL, responsible for collagen synthesis and degradation

A

fibroblasts

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11
Q

cells capable of remodeling bone and cementum

A

osteoblasts, osteoclasts, cementoblasts

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12
Q

gingival disease- associated with plaque only, modified by systemic factors, medications, and nutrition

A

dental-plaque induced gingival diseases

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13
Q

gingival disease- viral, fungal or genetic origin, gingival manifestations of systemic conditions, traumatic lesions, foreign body reactions

A

non-plauw induced gingival lesions

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14
Q

specific causes of gingival inflammation

A

open contacts and sub gingival margins of restorations

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15
Q

gingivitis results from?

A

ulceration at the base of the sulcus

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16
Q

periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases associated with what?

A

hematological disorders like acquired neutropenia and leukemia

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17
Q

periodontitis associated with genetic disorders

A

familial and cyclic neutropenia, down syndrome, papillon leftover syndrome, chediak-higashi syndrome

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18
Q

microbes most often associated with NUP/NUG

A

spirochetes, fusobacterium, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis

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19
Q

common clinical findings of NUP/NUP

A

punched out papilla, (not hyperplasia!!!), pseudomembrane (may resemble desquamative disorders), fetid odor, pain, severe inflammation

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20
Q

type of dental abscess- results from injury to or infection of surface gingival tissue

A

gingival abscess

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21
Q

type of dental abscess- develops in inflamed dental follicular tissue overlying the crown of a partially erupted tooth

A

pericoronal abscess

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22
Q

type of dental abscess- results when infection spreads deep into periodontal pockets and drainage is blocked, may develop after periodontal debridement

A

peridontal abscess

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23
Q

type of dental abscess- results from pulp infection (usually secondary to tooth decay)

A

periapical abscess

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24
Q

what type of abscess needs an x-ray to be diagnosed?

A

periapical, not periodontal

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25
mild pupal inflammation usually resulting from placement of deep restoration, associated with episodic temperature related pain which improves with deposition of reparative dentin, related to hyperemia
reversible pulpitis, "pulp hyperemia"
26
reversible inflammation of the gingiva, plaque accumulation related to development, usually chronic
gingivitis
27
type of gingivitis- paid development, obvious inflammation, pain
acute
28
type of gingivitis- slow development, may appear normal, may not cause pain
chronic
29
is marginal tissue stippled?
no
30
what is the hallmark sign of acute inflammation?
edema
31
most obvious result of vasodilation of the peripheral circulation?
edema
32
chronic inflammatory response, highly stippled due to increase in cellular and fibrous components (hallmark sign of chronic inflammatory state), may present with pallor
fibrotic
33
distinct rounding and enlargement of the gingival margins found in the acute inflammatory response; like a life saver
festooned
34
grow in environment containing atmospheric levels of O2
aerobic organisms
35
grow in environment which lacks O2, found in peril pockets and sulcus
anaerobic organisms
36
most common periopathogen
porphyromonas gingivalis
37
most commonly associated with periodontal inflammation during pregnancy
P. intermedia, C. rectus
38
most bacteria in a perio pocket are usually what shape
rods
39
pellicle formation is derived from?
saliva "glycoprotein"
40
what makes up the bulk of plaque?
extracellular matrix- hold bacteria together
41
what type of plaque? densely intertwined, non motile, cocci and filaments, may become calculus
adherent plaque
42
what type of plaque? motile rods, spirochetes, increases in acute infection
non adherent "plaktonic" plaque
43
oral physiotherapy aid most suited for removal of loosely adherent plaque is?
oral irrigator
44
bacterial product- associated with gram nematic bacteria, can harm PMNs
endotoxins
45
bacterial product- bacterial waste product
exotoxins
46
stage of periodontal lesion- | no clinical changes, vasodilation of small capillaries, increase in leukocytes (PMNs), increased gingival fluid flow
stage I- initial lesion (2-4 days)
47
stage of periodontal lesion- clinical signs of gingivitis appear, leukocyte infiltration into CT, sulcular lining develops rate pegs, collagen destruction, sulcular lining is ulcerated allowing for bleeding, PMNs in sulcus
stage II- gingivitis or early lesion (4-7 days)
48
stage of periodontal lesion- erythema of the ging as a result of capillary proliferation, color changes being, ging enlargement, plasma cells become prominent, widened intercellular spaces in pocket lining
steg III- established lesion (2-3 weeks) (variable time)
49
stage of periodontal lesion- transition from gingivitis to periodontitis, irreversible, 3 weeks to life, JE becomes detached from root surface as it migrates apically, osteoclasts, bone loss
stage IV- advanced lesion
50
this immediately follows initial vasoconstriction in the acute inflammatory process
vasodilation
51
movement of cells to the site of inflammation
chemotaxis
52
most prevalent cell in acute inflammation
neutrophil
53
most active cell in a perio pocket
PMN
54
deficiency of neutrophils of PMNs
neutropenia
55
best indicator of damage to peridontium, identifies distance from CEJ to base of sulcus
CAL
56
can scaling in shallow pockets lead to loss of attachment?
yes
57
furcation class- probe may enter furcation but cannot pass through
class II-moderate
58
furcation class- probe does not enter furcation
class I- early or incipient
59
furcation class- probe can pass through entire furcation
class III- severe
60
furcation class- probe can pass through entire furcation and is visible clinically
class IV
61
width of attached gingiva-where is it not calculated?
palatal surfaces
62
crest of alveolar bone should be ____ mm apical to CEJ
1-2
63
horizontal bone loss is indicated by what?
2mm reduction of bone height
64
pocket- base of pocket is coronal tot eh alveolar bone, all gingival pockets
suprabony pocket
65
pocket- base of pocket is apical to crest of alveolar bone
intrabony pocket
66
excessive force on tooth with normal bone support
primary occlusal trauma
67
normal or excessive force on tooth with loss of support
secondary occlusal trauma
68
signs and symptoms of what? | increased mobility, tooth migration, sensitivity, radiographic widening of the PDL
occlusal trauma
69
acute gingival condition- incubation 1 wk, fever, lymphadenopathy, pain
herpes
70
acute gingival condition- erythematous halo, yellow or grey floor, painful, idiopathic, predisposing- HIV, smoking, sodium laurel sulfate
recurrent pathos stomatitis
71
acute gingival condition- drug related (phenytoin, cyclosporine, nifedipine, or mouth breathing, perio inflammation, heredity, leukemia, hormonal imbalance
gingival enlargement
72
acute gingival condition- enlargement due to an increase in cell size
hypertrophy
73
acute gingival condition- enlargement due to an increase in cell #s, epilus, hereditary, neoplasm
hyperplasia
74
vertical loss of tissue of papilla
Stillmans cleft
75
tooth mobility- movability of crown .2-1 mm in horizontal direction
Class I
76
tooth mobility- movability of crown over 1 mm in horizontal direction
class II
77
tooth mobility- movability of tooth horizontally and vertically
class III
78
how do you check mobility?
2 hard handled instruments- NOT fingers
79
palpable vibration of root surfaces as the pt taps teeth together
fremitus
80
is hairy leukoplakia associated with smoking?
no- black hairy tongue is
81
marginal band, diffuse arrhythmia, non responsive, associated with HIV
LGE- linear gingival erythema
82
most common surgical procedure to reduce pocket depths
gingivectomy
83
what are used to increase apposition of incision edges and decrease distance that cells need to migrate in the wound healing process
sutures
84
how many wall defect has best prognosis?
3 is best, 1 is bad
85
what are perio dressing used for?
comfort, protection, tissue placement
86
perio packs including ___ are irritating to gingival tissues
eugenol
87
uses barrier membrane to block migration of epithelial cells
guided tissue regneration
88
main reason peopler receive regenerative procedures
tx infrabony defects
89
repair by formation of granulation tissue, remain in oral cavity usually involves this
fibrous repair
90
cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction, airway obstruction, and increase cellular infiltration and cytokine release, derived form leukocytes,
leukotrienes
91
cause swelling, pain, inflammation
PGs
92
represents loss of alveolar bone that leaves characteristic oval root exposed defect from the CEJ apically, ging recession, alveolar bone loss, root exposure
dehiscence
93
window of bone loss on the facial or lingual aspect of a tooth that places the exposed root surface directly in contact with gingival or mucosal tissue, bordered by alveolar bone along its coronal aspect
fenestration

Dental Hygiene Board Review (12 decks)

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