Special circulations B6 Flashcards

1
Q

2 ways you can control flow to an organ

A

Blood flow can be controlled extrinsically= someone else decides, Neural and hormonal (receptors)
Blood flow can be controlled intrinsically- local control- the organ tissue decides

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2
Q

Blood flow is maintained constant despite changing arterial pressure

A

Autoregulation

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3
Q

Blood flow changes as metabolic demand changes

A

Active hyperemia

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4
Q

Period of reduced blood flow are followed by supernormal flow.

A

Reactive hyperemia

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5
Q

What are the 3 levels of local control?

A

Autoregulation
Active hyperemia
Reactive hyperemia

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6
Q

Smooth muscle adjusts diameter of vessels to maintain blood flow

A

Myogenic mechanism

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7
Q

Metabolic by-products act as local signals to alter flow

A

Metabolic mechanism

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8
Q

Blood flow in the coronary vessels to feed heart

A
Coronary flow
-Metabolic control most important
             -active hyperemia through hypoxia and adnosine
Reactive hyperemia during diastole
(little neural control)
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9
Q

Blood flow to skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal flow- important during exercise

-neural most important during rest

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10
Q

Blood flow to skin

A

Skin- primarily neural for body heat regulation

  • little metabolic control
  • hormonal regulation- histamine
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11
Q

Increasing skeletal muscle CO2 production would ________ blood flow?

A

Increase

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12
Q

Increasing skeletal muscle CO2 production would increase blood flow, an example of _______________ regulation.

A

Increasing metabolic demand
-Active hyperemia

(Reactive requires a loss of blood flow…)

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13
Q

Know what kind of blood flow changes organs we talked about and give examples…

A

slide 5 6 7

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14
Q

Process of forming clots on vessel walls in response to injury is what? what does it do?

A

Hemostasis

Prevents further blood loss

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15
Q

3 stages of hemostasis

A

Vascular constriction
Formation of a platelet plug
Clot formation- coagulation

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16
Q

Collagen binds to _______________ which binds to circulating platelets.

A

von Willebrand factor

17
Q

Immediately after damage, vessel ____________.

A

Constricts, slowing flow to damaged area

18
Q

Damaged endothelium release vasoactive compounds to cause ___________

A

Vasoconstriction

adenosine and Calcium

19
Q

Pain response from ________ also cause vasoconstriction

20
Q

What protein is responsible for platelet flug formation? (IMPORTANT)

A

Von willebrand factor

21
Q

Enzymatic cascade that converts fibrinogen into fibrin.

A

Coagulation

22
Q

If thrombus breaks off it is called a __________

23
Q

____________ usually originate in legs (deep vein thrombosis). They can get stuck in lung, causes ___________________

A

Venous emboli

pulmonary embolism (pulmonary hypertension and right sided heart failure

24
Q

These usually originate in atria or carotids. Get stuck in cerebral or ocular vessels, cause stroke and reitnal ischemia

A

Arterial emboli

25
2 pathways of activation of clot cascade
Intrinsic: initiated by exposed collagen Extrinsic: initiated by release of tissue factor
26
What is an important component of an embolus?
The first capillary bed that an embolus goes into next is where it usually gets stuck.
27
Vitamin K-dependent Factors __________ is by far the most sensitive. (IMPORTANT)
Factor VII
28
____________ is where intrinsic and extrinsic factors converge/meet. (IMPORTANT)
Factor 10
29
What are the steps of Clotting.
Clot retraction- after an hour (pulls vessel walls together) Clot dissolution- fibrinolysis (healing the wound) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-clot buster -used during strokes to try and break clot up
30
What is the clot buster?
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
31
What does aspirin do?
Blocks Thromboxane A2 production -stops platelets from sticking together. Aspirin a day keeps the clots away
32
What is a fast acting anti-platelet drug that inhibits factor IIa and Xa?
Heaprin
33
What is a slow acting anti-platelet drug that inhibits vitamin K production, through Factor VII?
Warfarin (Coumadin)