intro, body, fluids, and cellular physiology Flashcards
Study of the normal function of the body and how the body maintains those normal functions.
Physiology
How you change physiology
Pharmacology
What is the change in physiology?
Pathology
What feedback control reduces initial error.
Negative feedback system
What feedback control always ends in an event?
Positive feedback system
ovulation, clot formation, etc
True/False: Disease pathology occur when errors exceed ability of control system to adjust.
True
True/False: Compensation is never complete as long as error signal exists.
True
True/False: Treat symptoms not the pathology.
False, treat the overlying problem
What is the last drug given during lethal injections?
Potassium, anything over 6 mEq/L stops your heart
FLuid inside all the cells of the body.
Intracellular fluid
Fluid outside of cells split into 2 compartments by the capillary wall.
Extracellular fluid
no charge differential
electroneutral
Same osmotic pressure as another solution
isotonic
ICF is mostly _________ and ________
potassium and proteins
ECF is mostly _________ and _________.
sodium and chloride
True/False: ICF and ECF have very different compositions.
True
Why is na+ k+ gradient so important?
it is the basis for communication and maintaining gradients are necessary for life.
Proper absorption of nutrients is dependent in Na+ gradient
What molecules can move across cell membranes?
small, non-polar solutes
i.e. O2, CO2, Ethanol, Steroid hormones, Water
What other ways can molecules move across membranes?
Channels and Transport proteins
What movement goes downhill (no energy needed)?
passive transport
What movement goes uphill (energy needed)?
active transport
When do you have more movement with passive transport?
If increase gradient
If increase temperature
What are the 2 types of passive transport?
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
What are the two types of active transport?
Primary active
Secondary active
What type of transport requires energy? what does it use for energy?
Active transport- moving something against concentration gradient using ATP
(name usually includes ATPase, porter, or exchanger)
Movement of water due to a difference in osmotic pressure.
Osmosis
Osmotic pressure is not diffusion of water it is movement of water. But it is basically diffusion of water why?
Movement of water from low solute conc. to high concentration.
Comparison of two fluids separated by a semi-permeable membrane, with respect to the bathing solution.
Tonicity
Inside of cell has more dissolved solutes
Hypotonic (hyposmotic)
