intro, body, fluids, and cellular physiology

Question 1

Study of the normal function of the body and how the body maintains those normal functions.

Answer 1

Physiology

Question 2

How you change physiology

Answer 2

Pharmacology

Question 3

What is the change in physiology?

Answer 3

Pathology

Question 4

What feedback control reduces initial error.

Answer 4

Negative feedback system

Question 5

What feedback control always ends in an event?

Answer 5

Positive feedback system

ovulation, clot formation, etc

Question 6

True/False: Disease pathology occur when errors exceed ability of control system to adjust.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True/False: Compensation is never complete as long as error signal exists.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True/False: Treat symptoms not the pathology.

Answer 8

False, treat the overlying problem

Question 9

What is the last drug given during lethal injections?

Answer 9

Potassium, anything over 6 mEq/L stops your heart

Question 10

FLuid inside all the cells of the body.

Answer 10

Intracellular fluid

Question 11

Fluid outside of cells split into 2 compartments by the capillary wall.

Answer 11

Extracellular fluid

Question 12

no charge differential

Answer 12

electroneutral

Question 13

Same osmotic pressure as another solution

Answer 13

isotonic

Question 14

ICF is mostly _________ and ________

Answer 14

potassium and proteins

Question 15

ECF is mostly _________ and _________.

Answer 15

sodium and chloride

Question 16

True/False: ICF and ECF have very different compositions.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Why is na+ k+ gradient so important?

Answer 17

it is the basis for communication and maintaining gradients are necessary for life.
Proper absorption of nutrients is dependent in Na+ gradient

Question 18

What molecules can move across cell membranes?

Answer 18

small, non-polar solutes

i.e. O2, CO2, Ethanol, Steroid hormones, Water

Question 19

What other ways can molecules move across membranes?

Answer 19

Channels and Transport proteins

Question 20

What movement goes downhill (no energy needed)?

Answer 20

passive transport

Question 21

What movement goes uphill (energy needed)?

Answer 21

active transport

Question 22

When do you have more movement with passive transport?

Answer 22

If increase gradient

If increase temperature

Question 23

What are the 2 types of passive transport?

Answer 23

diffusion

facilitated diffusion

Question 24

What are the two types of active transport?

Answer 24

Primary active

Secondary active

Question 25

What type of transport requires energy? what does it use for energy?

Answer 25

Active transport- moving something against concentration gradient using ATP
(name usually includes ATPase, porter, or exchanger)

Question 26

Movement of water due to a difference in osmotic pressure.

Answer 26

Osmosis

Question 27

Osmotic pressure is not diffusion of water it is movement of water. But it is basically diffusion of water why?

Answer 27

Movement of water from low solute conc. to high concentration.

Question 28

Comparison of two fluids separated by a semi-permeable membrane, with respect to the bathing solution.

Answer 28

Tonicity

Question 29

Inside of cell has more dissolved solutes

Answer 29

Hypotonic (hyposmotic)