Circulation Hemodynamics and pressure reg B6

Question 1

All vessels are lined with __________

Answer 1

endothelium (important in controlling blood flow and pressure)

Question 2

True/false: Aorta is very elastic and doesn’t need very much pressure.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

___________ are very muscular, control BP and blood flow to tissues, SNS innervation- Alpha 1
B2 receptors- when dump epi out, you get some vasodilation

Answer 3

Arterioles

Question 4

__________ are thin walled vessels, with only a single layer of endothelium.

Answer 4

Capillaries

Question 5

_____ are thin walled vessels that are very compliant, low pressure, high volume, small amount of smooth muscle, SNS innervation-A1, B2 receptors

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

Systemic circuit flow of blood

Answer 6

Aorta–Artery–Arteriole–Capillaries–Venules–Veins–Vena Cava

Question 7

Blood flows from ____ pressure to ___ pressure.

Answer 7

high

low

Question 8

As resistance increases, flow ____.

Answer 8

slows

Question 9

As pressure difference drops, flow ______

Answer 9

slows

Question 10

__________ of blood flow is dependent upon size of total area of the vessels

Answer 10

Velocity

Question 11

True/False: Blood flows slowest through single large vessels, and fastest through many small vessels.

Answer 11

False, Fastest through single large vessels

slowest through many small vessels

Question 12

At which level of the vasculature is blood pressure most controlled.

Answer 12

Arterioles

Question 13

At which level of the vasculature is venous return most controlled?

Answer 13

Veins

Question 14

Administration of an Alpha 1 receptor agonist would decrease blood flow to which kind of vessel.

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

Why is the venous system such a low pressure system, despite containing the most volume?

Answer 15

High compliance vessels

Question 16

As diameter goes down, ___________ goes up.

Answer 16

resistance

Question 17

Circulatory system is arranged both ________ and in ________

Answer 17

in series and in parallel

Question 18

Blood flows in 2 different ways, what are they?

Answer 18

Laminar- straight line flows
Turbulent- not straight line flows
Calculated by Reynold’s number

Question 19

What can happen if you have slow blood movement?

Answer 19

Clots can form

Question 20

A carotid bruit is most likely the result of __________

Answer 20

Carotid artery plaques

Question 21

Which side of the heart has a greater cardiac output?

Answer 21

they are equal

Question 22

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures?

Answer 22

Pulse pressure
SBP-DBP= PP
120-80= 40

Question 23

What is the average pressure during a complete cycle?

Answer 23

MAP, needs to stay above a certain volume to keep vessels open

Question 24

We keep MAP stable by doing what?

Answer 24

altering CO (cardiac output) and TPR (Total peripheral resistance= afterload)
Have to be careful because TPR also changes CO

Question 25

ALtering heart rate is easy, how do you do it?

Answer 25

Chronotropy

Question 26

How do you alter stroke volume?

Answer 26

Increase EDP or venous return (preload) | Increase contractility- inotropy

Question 27

MAP is mainly controlled by 2 seperate system...

Answer 27

Baroreceptor reflex- Neural control | Renin- Angiotensin Aldosterone system- (RAAS)- Changes blood volume (Mediated by kidney)

Question 28

MAP is sensed by 2 baroreceptors, what, where and what CN are they on?

Answer 28

Carotid sinus Barorecptor -CN IX Aortic arch Baroreceptor -CN X

Question 29

MAP rises?

Answer 29

hypertension

Question 30

MAP falls?

Answer 30

Hemorrhage

Question 31

What is a Valsave Maneuver?

Answer 31

When you take a crap tryin to squeeze a turd out (squeeze abdomen, increases blood pressure) increasing afterload at heart, heart has harder time ejecting blood. (transient increase in venous return) But won't be on test...

Question 32

The _________ is very concerned about blood pressure. Needs pressure to filter blood to make urine.

Answer 32

Kidney

Question 33

Aldosterone does what?

Answer 33

Increases Na reabsorption, which increases water reabsorption, which increases blood volume

Question 34

Which system of blood pressure regulation would alter pressure the fastest?

Answer 34

Neural (Baroreceptor)

Question 35

Given sufficient time, which system of blood pressure regulation would be able to create the largest change in BP?

Answer 35

Renal (RAAS)

Question 36

Antiduretic hormone (ADh/ Vasopressin) released in response to high serum osmolarity and low blood pressure.

Answer 36

Vasopressin 1 receptors: arteriole constriction= Raises BP | Vasopressin 2 receptors: kidneys reabsorb more water- raises blood volume

Question 37

Cardiopulmonary receptors: stretch receptors

Answer 37

Located in veins, atria and pulmonary arteries Respond to high volume Release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide- more urine production Decrease ADH secretion- more urine Renal vasodilation- more urine Increased HR- indirectly more urine

Question 38

What does hyperaldosteronism do?

Answer 38

Increase blood volume

Question 39

Immediately following a heart attack, what will happen?

Answer 39

Reduction in Cardiac output through contractility

Question 40

What happens because you have less Cardiac output? (what would it look like on a PV loop)

Answer 40

Increase preload to make up for cardiac output.