Kidney B7 Flashcards

1
Q

Functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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2
Q

What is the regulation of water balance equation?

A

Water intake + Metabolic water = Renal excretion + GI excretion + Evaporation
If positive you gain total body water
If negative you lose total body water

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3
Q

Water always follows what?

A

Salt

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4
Q

What are some renal functions?

A

Conserve nutrients- reabsorb glucose, amino acids, etc
Excrete wastes- nitrogenous wastes, ketoacids, H+, drug metabolites
Regulate cardiac output and BP
Control hematopoiesis- release erythropoietin in time of renal hypoxia

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5
Q

Glomerulus is unique because it has what?

A

Has arteriole capillary arteriole, so there is a very fine tuning supply

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6
Q

What is of nephron is the short loop of Henle, mostly stays out of medulla (80%)

A

Cortical (superficial)

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7
Q

What is the long loop of henle, can go down to the papilla (20%)

A

Juxtamedullary Nephron

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8
Q

What are the 2 capillary beds of the nephron?

A

Glomerular- filters plasma into nephron, makes tubular fluid

Peritubular- normal capillaries fed by efferent arteriole

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9
Q

What is removed from the body via urine?

Remainder of tubular fluid and solutes at end of nephron

A

Excretion

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10
Q

This moves solutes/water from tubular fluid back to blood

A

Reabsorption

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11
Q

THis moves solutes from blood into tubular fluid

A

Secretion

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12
Q

Urinary excretion rate depends on what 3 things?

A

Filtration rate, Reabsorption rate, secretion rate

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13
Q

What is the site of filtration?

A

Glomerulus

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14
Q

The things that alter filtration?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Tissue is now called Bowman’s space

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15
Q

The majority of important stuff that is filtered in your body is reabsorbed where? Most fluid is reabsorbed here.

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

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16
Q

Part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Macula Densa (senses tubular fluid flow and renal blood flow)

17
Q

Where does reabsorption and dilution of urine take place?

A

Loop of Henle

18
Q

Where does the fine tuning of urine solute amounts take place? Also site of pH balancing

A

Distal convoluted Tubule

19
Q

not pee a lot hormone?

A

Anti diuretic hormone (ADH)

20
Q

Where does regulation of water reabsorption and final control of urine osmolarity take place?

A

Collecting ducts

21
Q

Excretion= what?

A
Excretion= Filtration + Secretion  - Reabsorption
Excretion = urine flow* [urine]
22
Q

Plasma volume is about ______ of total blood volume

A

half (40%)

23
Q

The amount of plasma that has a certain solute removed from it. How much plasma the kidney is able to pull (whatever it is you want out) out of it?

A

Clearance
Cx= Xu* V/ Xa

Xu= concentration in urine
V= urine volume
Xa= concentration in blood plasma
24
Q

Clearance of insulin= ___________________

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

25
Clearance of PAH=
Renal Plasma flow | Will tell you how much plasma has moved through the kidney
26
How much water we are excreting is what?
Free water clearance
27
If plasma osmolarity were too high, what would we want?
Excrete low amounts of water
28
If plasma osmolarity were too low, what would we want?
Want to get rid of urine
29
Body is overhydrated, is ECF osmolarity high or low? Is free water clearance + or -?
low | positive
30
Body is dehydrated, ECF osmolarity is high or low? Is free water clearance + or -?
high | negative
31
Normal plasma osmolarity is around what?
290 or 300