Kidney B7

Question 1

Functional unit of the kidney

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

What is the regulation of water balance equation?

Answer 2

Water intake + Metabolic water = Renal excretion + GI excretion + Evaporation
If positive you gain total body water
If negative you lose total body water

Question 3

Water always follows what?

Answer 3

Salt

Question 4

What are some renal functions?

Answer 4

Conserve nutrients- reabsorb glucose, amino acids, etc
Excrete wastes- nitrogenous wastes, ketoacids, H+, drug metabolites
Regulate cardiac output and BP
Control hematopoiesis- release erythropoietin in time of renal hypoxia

Question 5

Glomerulus is unique because it has what?

Answer 5

Has arteriole capillary arteriole, so there is a very fine tuning supply

Question 6

What is of nephron is the short loop of Henle, mostly stays out of medulla (80%)

Answer 6

Cortical (superficial)

Question 7

What is the long loop of henle, can go down to the papilla (20%)

Answer 7

Juxtamedullary Nephron

Question 8

What are the 2 capillary beds of the nephron?

Answer 8

Glomerular- filters plasma into nephron, makes tubular fluid

Peritubular- normal capillaries fed by efferent arteriole

Question 9

What is removed from the body via urine?

Remainder of tubular fluid and solutes at end of nephron

Answer 9

Excretion

Question 10

This moves solutes/water from tubular fluid back to blood

Answer 10

Reabsorption

Question 11

THis moves solutes from blood into tubular fluid

Answer 11

Secretion

Question 12

Urinary excretion rate depends on what 3 things?

Answer 12

Filtration rate, Reabsorption rate, secretion rate

Question 13

What is the site of filtration?

Answer 13

Glomerulus

Question 14

The things that alter filtration?

Answer 14

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Tissue is now called Bowman’s space

Question 15

The majority of important stuff that is filtered in your body is reabsorbed where? Most fluid is reabsorbed here.

Answer 15

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Question 16

Part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 16

Macula Densa (senses tubular fluid flow and renal blood flow)

Question 17

Where does reabsorption and dilution of urine take place?

Answer 17

Loop of Henle

Question 18

Where does the fine tuning of urine solute amounts take place? Also site of pH balancing

Answer 18

Distal convoluted Tubule

Question 19

not pee a lot hormone?

Answer 19

Anti diuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 20

Where does regulation of water reabsorption and final control of urine osmolarity take place?

Answer 20

Collecting ducts

Question 21

Excretion= what?

Answer 21

Excretion= Filtration + Secretion  - Reabsorption
Excretion = urine flow* [urine]

Question 22

Plasma volume is about ______ of total blood volume

Answer 22

half (40%)

Question 23

The amount of plasma that has a certain solute removed from it. How much plasma the kidney is able to pull (whatever it is you want out) out of it?

Answer 23

Clearance
Cx= Xu* V/ Xa

Xu= concentration in urine
V= urine volume
Xa= concentration in blood plasma

Question 24

Clearance of insulin= ___________________

Answer 24

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 25

Clearance of PAH=

Answer 25

Renal Plasma flow

Will tell you how much plasma has moved through the kidney

Question 26

How much water we are excreting is what?

Answer 26

Free water clearance

Question 27

If plasma osmolarity were too high, what would we want?

Answer 27

Excrete low amounts of water

Question 28

If plasma osmolarity were too low, what would we want?

Answer 28

Want to get rid of urine

Question 29

Body is overhydrated, is ECF osmolarity high or low? Is free water clearance + or -?

Answer 29

low

positive

Question 30

Body is dehydrated, ECF osmolarity is high or low? Is free water clearance + or -?

Answer 30

high

negative

Question 31

Normal plasma osmolarity is around what?

Answer 31

290 or 300