Spanish Right

Question 1

what are monarchists

Answer 1

believe in fundamental principles of one ruler and right of birth to throne

Question 2

what are alfonsists

Answer 2

those who suppor the monarchy of alfonso xiii and support his claim to the throne

Question 3

what are carlists

Answer 3

early 19thc branch of monarchists thought that throne should go to the brother of the then claiment, Don Carlos, didnt accept that he didnt get the throne.
believe in violence if it achieves their aims
extreme right, catholic, traditional

Question 4

where were carlists most strongly supported

Answer 4

southern basque counties
rural catalonia
supports rights of regions to a degree of autonomy

Question 5

what were landowners politically

Answer 5

tended to be aristocrats
inherently tend to be monarchists or right wing
fear the left

Question 6

what was royal patronage

Answer 6

ability to give people titles and good jobs
certain people owed their position and power to the government eg - civil servants, state bureaucrats, local officials etc.

Question 7

why was the church right wing

Answer 7

protecting privilege, wealth, land
gets money from spanish state for clergy salaries
education - influence younger generation
morally conservative - for marriage, against womens rights
wary of giving people the vote - not educated enough

Question 8

what were the church trade unions?

Answer 8

called yellow unions
break up anarchist strikes
successful where church was still popular
some offered interest free loans to struggling workers

Question 9

church takes up public space through

Answer 9

buildings, weddings, funerals, religious processions. clergy clothes

Question 10

key points about the army

Answer 10

split about promotion and preference between peninsulares and africanistas
own constitution - internal enemies, military justice over civilians
politicans are the problem and cause of military failures
role is inherently political

Question 11

why the army was a rubbish institution

Answer 11

top heavy - more admirals than boats in spanish navy
promotion incredibly inefficient
officers a huge drain on state
no uniforms, weapons, supplies
very poorly trained

Question 12

what were the guardia civil

Answer 12

militarized police force

reputation for violence

Question 13

what were the cabineros

Answer 13

custom guards

very violent, hated by local population

Question 14

why did the church not like fascism

Answer 14

exhulation of state
nazism is atheistic
(graham)

Question 15

what was vatican’s relationship with franco

Answer 15

established full diplomatic relations with him in spring 1938
(graham)

Question 16

falangist drama in 1936

Answer 16

12 march 1936 - falangist gunman shot at Jimenez de Asúa (socialist leader)
14 march - primo de rivera (and others) arrested for unlawful assembly
13 april - one of the magistrates who sentenced them murdered
(casanova)

Question 17

casanova on religion

Answer 17

used to keep poor labourers united against republic
to persuade them to accept dominance of ruling class as natural

Question 18

key element of fascism

Answer 18

attitude towards left is violent
belief in a total solution
(blinkhorn)

Question 19

Lannon stats on religion

Answer 19

1935 - jesuit writing about san román parish
80,000 parishoners
7% attended sunday mass
25% baptised

Question 20

Fr Peiró’s analyses of church in poor areas

Answer 20

too few priests
mistrust of catholicism as a bourgeoise phenomenon
(lannon)

Question 21

lannon stats on clergy pay

Answer 21

1928 majority of clergy recieved less than lowest grade of janitors pay

Question 22

vincent on rape in republic zone

Answer 22

nationalist war propaganda said rape of nuns happened a lot - fictitious
violation of a sacred space
anticlerical politicans called to ‘lift the veils of novices and raise them into mothers’
contempt for male virginity

Question 23

officer stats

Answer 23

1923 - 25,000
1931 - 21,000 (as many as in german army during war)
(Brenan)

Question 24

army budget stats

Answer 24

peace time - 1/4 of budget
1922 - 52%
(Brenan)

Question 25

what did the falange blame for the failure of spain

Answer 25

regional separatism
political parties
class struggle

Question 26

how did the falange appeal to the working class

Answer 26

blue shirt - similar to blue overalls that workers wore
use of comrade - trying to give it a different meaning
colours of flag same as trade union flags

Question 27

why wasnt fascism as popular in spain as other countries?

Answer 27

groups that might have been attracted to fascism were either satisfied with current politics or didnt exist
eg no petite bourgeouise

Question 28

war a crusade?

Answer 28

2 months after beginnging of war, bishop of salamanca declared the war a crusade.
though fought by muslims?

Question 29

number of clergy in spain

Answer 29

1859 - 38,500
1900 - 33,400
1930 - 30,000
(payne)

Question 30

where had greater density of clergy?

Answer 30

the north

Question 31

what were the clerical incomes

Answer 31

primates - 45,000 pesetas a year
priests - 850-2500 pesetas a year
stipend reduced eg. 25% in 1882, 10% in 1883
(payne)

Question 32

semana tragica no of churches burned

Answer 32

80 religious buildings burned
21/58 of barcelona’s churches
(payne)