Spanish Right Flashcards
what are monarchists
believe in fundamental principles of one ruler and right of birth to throne
what are alfonsists
those who suppor the monarchy of alfonso xiii and support his claim to the throne
what are carlists
early 19thc branch of monarchists thought that throne should go to the brother of the then claiment, Don Carlos, didnt accept that he didnt get the throne.
believe in violence if it achieves their aims
extreme right, catholic, traditional
where were carlists most strongly supported
southern basque counties
rural catalonia
supports rights of regions to a degree of autonomy
what were landowners politically
tended to be aristocrats
inherently tend to be monarchists or right wing
fear the left
what was royal patronage
ability to give people titles and good jobs
certain people owed their position and power to the government eg - civil servants, state bureaucrats, local officials etc.
why was the church right wing
protecting privilege, wealth, land
gets money from spanish state for clergy salaries
education - influence younger generation
morally conservative - for marriage, against womens rights
wary of giving people the vote - not educated enough
what were the church trade unions?
called yellow unions
break up anarchist strikes
successful where church was still popular
some offered interest free loans to struggling workers
church takes up public space through
buildings, weddings, funerals, religious processions. clergy clothes
key points about the army
split about promotion and preference between peninsulares and africanistas
own constitution - internal enemies, military justice over civilians
politicans are the problem and cause of military failures
role is inherently political
why the army was a rubbish institution
top heavy - more admirals than boats in spanish navy promotion incredibly inefficient officers a huge drain on state no uniforms, weapons, supplies very poorly trained
what were the guardia civil
militarized police force
reputation for violence
what were the cabineros
custom guards
very violent, hated by local population
why did the church not like fascism
exhulation of state
nazism is atheistic
(graham)
what was vatican’s relationship with franco
established full diplomatic relations with him in spring 1938
(graham)
falangist drama in 1936
12 march 1936 - falangist gunman shot at Jimenez de Asúa (socialist leader)
14 march - primo de rivera (and others) arrested for unlawful assembly
13 april - one of the magistrates who sentenced them murdered
(casanova)
casanova on religion
used to keep poor labourers united against republic to persuade them to accept dominance of ruling class as natural
key element of fascism
attitude towards left is violent
belief in a total solution
(blinkhorn)
Lannon stats on religion
1935 - jesuit writing about san román parish
80,000 parishoners
7% attended sunday mass
25% baptised
Fr Peiró’s analyses of church in poor areas
too few priests
mistrust of catholicism as a bourgeoise phenomenon
(lannon)
lannon stats on clergy pay
1928 majority of clergy recieved less than lowest grade of janitors pay
vincent on rape in republic zone
nationalist war propaganda said rape of nuns happened a lot - fictitious
violation of a sacred space
anticlerical politicans called to ‘lift the veils of novices and raise them into mothers’
contempt for male virginity
officer stats
1923 - 25,000
1931 - 21,000 (as many as in german army during war)
(Brenan)
army budget stats
peace time - 1/4 of budget
1922 - 52%
(Brenan)
what did the falange blame for the failure of spain
regional separatism
political parties
class struggle
how did the falange appeal to the working class
blue shirt - similar to blue overalls that workers wore
use of comrade - trying to give it a different meaning
colours of flag same as trade union flags
why wasnt fascism as popular in spain as other countries?
groups that might have been attracted to fascism were either satisfied with current politics or didnt exist
eg no petite bourgeouise
war a crusade?
2 months after beginnging of war, bishop of salamanca declared the war a crusade.
though fought by muslims?
number of clergy in spain
1859 - 38,500
1900 - 33,400
1930 - 30,000
(payne)
where had greater density of clergy?
the north
what were the clerical incomes
primates - 45,000 pesetas a year
priests - 850-2500 pesetas a year
stipend reduced eg. 25% in 1882, 10% in 1883
(payne)
semana tragica no of churches burned
80 religious buildings burned
21/58 of barcelona’s churches
(payne)
