Bienio Negro Flashcards
1932 coup
august 1932
led by general sanjurjo
monarchist/army coup
failed
election in november 1933 results
right centre win - CEDA with Radical party
who was the leader of the radical party
Alejandro Lerroux
main points about the radical party
centre, republican
hostile to regionalism
inherently very corrupt - easy to manipulate
who was the leader of CEDA
jose maria gil robles
CEDA youth movement
JAP
main points of CEDA
made up of different right wing parties very catholic morally conservative supports strong law and order poor owed charity but not rights or state help
who supported the CEDA
landowning class - rural rather than urban support upper-middle class in urban areas
disagreements in the coalition were between:
economic conservatives - about people making money, land problems
social conservatives - about catholicism, souls, social issues
what does ‘accidentalist’ means and why was CEDA one?
happened by chance.
didnt care what regime it was as long as certain catholic values are held by the state - heirarchy, moral codes
when did the nazi party come into power
when did the dollfuss party come into power
nazi - 1933
dollfuss - 1934
events in october 1934
3 CEDA members force themselves into the cabinet
left attempt revolution - want fresh elections. involves PSOE, CNT, PCE
revolution fails everywhere except asturias
Asturias 1934
lasts 2 weeks against government
tails of atrocities from both sides
government responds to them with troops and army of africa
franco directing troops from madrid
1934 blanket repression after october 1934
parliament closed constitutional guarentees suspended press censorship death penalty reinstated mass imprisonment of politicians and trade unionists - 40,000 left wing organisations shut down azana imprisoned
bienio negro reversal of reforms
land reforms ignored
minimum wage ignored
labour arbitration boards ignored or favoured employers
arbitrary evictions
repressive police policies
decrease education budget
amnesty bill for 1932 coup - imprisoned rather than death penalty
Casanova reasons CEDA was set up
to defend christian civilisation
combat sectarian legislation
revise constitution
Lannon accion nacional objectives (form basis of CEDA later)
1931 defined objectives as: defence of religion against atheism fatherland against local nationalism family against free love work against controlled labour market
what did franco call the asturias rebellion?
a frontier war (preston)
malefakis points
revolt caused reactionary forces in centre right - allowed them to begin taking down azanas social legislation
wages fell to pre-republican levels
who ran the popular front
azana - left republican
prieto - PSOE (socialists)
who does the popular front involve?
alliance of left wing parties
aims to get socialists involved
involves PCE (communists) for first time
CNT support but dont participate
what was the popular fronts most important policy
political amnesty for prisoners of 1934
granted 21st feb 1936
approx 30,000 people affected
how many votes did PF and CEDA get?
PF - 4,654,116 votes
CEDA - 4,503,524 votes
150,592 votes in it
how many seats did the parties win?
PF - 263
CEDA - 156
Central parties - 51
radicals - 8
controversies of 1936 election
was election result accurate?
polorisation of spanish politics?
casanova points
250 deaths between feb-july for political violence
none of them clergy
malefakis point
in 1936 elections, sharp rise in electoral abstention in old rightist strongholds like Old Castile and Leon
how many acts of violence were there during the campaign for the 1933 elections
oct - dec 1933 321 acts of violence, 34 dead 64% on campaigners/party/trade union members andalusia had highest number victims commonly right wing (54%)
