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1.2)WSET D3 BUSINESS > Spain BUSINESS > Flashcards

Spain BUSINESS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average size of vineyard holdings in Spain?

What is the implication of this for vineyard management?

A

SMALL

Limited mechanisation

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2
Q

Why is Spain’s rank in terms of production by volume much lower than its rank by vineyard area?

A
  1. Low density
  2. old vines → quality fruit
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3
Q

What do Spanish DOs specify?

Can wine from DOs be bulk shipped?

A

Set by Consejo Regulador:

  1. Max yield
  2. Permitted varieties
  3. Vineyard practices incl. irrigation
  4. Winemaking incl. ageing
  5. Packaging

Bulk shipping - yes → not req to be bottled in DO unlike DOCa/DOQ

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4
Q

Describe the structure of production within Spain.

Name Spain’s three largest producers of still, unfortified wine.

A
  1. Many regions dominated by co-ops
  2. Negociants common in some regions
  3. Estate produced wine is a small % of production

J. García Carrión

Félix Solís Avantis

Pernod Ricard Groupe

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5
Q

Outline sales trends in Spain between DO and non-DO wine

A

Total domestic consumption is low and falling

shift towards DO wines

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6
Q

How much wine does Spain export per year? What % of that is bulk?

A

world’s largest exporter by volume → France + Germany

56% bulk → means ave export value is 1/2 Italy, 1/5 France

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of exporting such a large % of wine in bulk?

A

Fierce price compet from other regions shipping in bulk e.g. Australia

A proportion of profits taken by bottler in target market

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8
Q

Which countries are important markets for Spain’s premium wine?

A

USA

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9
Q

Which groups help to promote Spanish wine?

A

Foods and Wines from Spain

  • information, education, promotion

Consejo Reguladores

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10
Q

Outline sales trends since 2000 in RÍAS BAIXAS

A

Large growth in sales

25% exported

→ up from 10% in 2000

US/UK largest

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11
Q

Describe the structure of production in Bierzo DO. To what extent are vineyards classified by quality?

A

3000ha divided by 2000 growers

50% of growers work with co-ops

Small but growing number of wineries

CR established new classifications based on villages and vineyards + yield restrictions similar to Priorat DOQ

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12
Q

Outline trends in the number of wineries and production volume of Toro

Account for these trends.

A

8 → 50 wineries in 25 years

Popularity + higher land $ in Ribera del Duero

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13
Q

Briefly outline the history of wine production in Ribera del Duero.

A

Vega Sicilia founded in late c19th

  • Very few wineries - 9 when DO formed in 1982*
  • Pesquera wone int’l acclaim in 80s → encouraged growers to make their own wine rather than sell to co-ops*

280 wineries today

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14
Q

Why are some producers worried about Ribera del Duero’s rapid expansion?

A

→ reduction Q + dilution brand.

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15
Q

Ribera del Duero

How much is exported?

A

producing way less that Rioja

Around 20% exported

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16
Q

Describe and explain trends in production and sales in the past 20 years in Rueda.

A
  • Production up 4x
  • Sales by value up 7x
  • → Due to popularity of fruity, crisp styles @ low price
  • Mainly via domestic market growth with help from exports
  • Sales volume around 600,000 hL (1/5 Rioja)
17
Q

Where has investment in Rueda come from?

A

Wineries in Rioja + Ribera del Duero → adding white wine to their portfolio

Winemaking companies outside Rueda account for 40% of production

18
Q

Describe the business environment of Rioja in terms of landholdings, production structure, sales trends, average prices and production costs.

A

Landholdings → SMALL Diffuse with 75% of vineyard area in plot of 2ha or less

Production structure

  • 40% of growers selling to co-ops
  • top 10 producers making 40% of sales
  • many producers also merchants and many co-ops sell to merchants

Sales Trends

  • 37% exported (increasing)
  • UK, Germany, US main markets
  • Crianza most popular
  • Reserva/GR mainly exported
  • joven wines sold widely domestically and via export
  • sales of white + rose growing, but still small %

Average Prices

  • higher than Spain but significantly below France/Italy
  • Some achieve SP + small investment market.

Production Costs

  • Relatively low given plentiful, flat land
19
Q

How is Rioja promoted?

A

Consejo Regulador

  • contracts local PR companies to organise local tasting, events, media listings → diversity, value

Producer Groups

  • e.g. Bodegas Familiares de Rioja
    • 40 small/med bodegas → promote wine and campaign for changes
  • Rioja ’n’ Roll → small, first gen producers → quality of particular vineyards
  • group based in Alava → leading a campaign to break away from La Rioja.
20
Q

To what extent are landholding small in Navarra?

A

Similar to Rioja with small landholdings and many growers sell to co-ops (not as small as Rias Baixas though).

21
Q

Where has investment into Samontao come from?

A

From regional banks e.g. Viñas del Vero

From large wineries esp. Jerez → Gonzalez Byass now owns above

22
Q

What challenges face Somontano DO?

A

Its focus on int’l varieites makes it vulnerable to competition from across the globe

23
Q

How has the Penedes DO changed in recent years?

A

Introduced 10 sub-zones

Sub-zone labelling requires 100% of grapes come from that sub-zone

24
Q

Where is wine from Catalunya DO sold?

A

70% domestic (large tourism industry)

30% exported

25
Q

Why has Priorat struggled in recent history?

How was the region’s reputation revived?

A
  • Mountainous topography
  • extreme weather
  • phylloxera
  • growth of local industries
  • → vineyard abandoned late c19th

late 80’s

  • growers revive top plots
  • use of int’l varieties
  • alongside Garnacha/Carinena
  • French winemaking techniques

Priorat was then promoted to DOQ in 2009

26
Q

Outline Priorat’s classification system.

A
  • *• Vi de Vila** – Grapes from 1 of 12 sub-zones
  • *• Vi de Paratge** – grapes from a single paratge/named site = lieu dit
  • *• Vinya Classificada** – single vineyard wine of particular merit within a Paratje = cru
  • *• Gran Vinya Classificada** – single vineyard wine of exceptional merit within a Paratje = grand cru

For any of the above:

  • Producer must own or have a long-term lease of the vineyard
  • Each classification has its own regs for min % of Garnacha, Carinena; vine age, max yields
  • Top levels require the brand having received critical recognition of at least 5 years
27
Q

Where are wines from Montsant sold?

A

45% exported - quite high

28
Q

How large are the vineyards that make up Costers del Serge?

Name a significant producer.

What programme is popular in the region?

A

about double Priorat

Raimat - owns 1/3 of vineyard land

Sustainability programme covers 70% of production

29
Q

What event helped to improve the quality of wine production in Jumilla?

A

An outbreak of phylloxera in 1985 - vines grubbed up and replanted with higher quality clones

+ better winemaking e.g. temp controlled ferments improved Q

30
Q

To what extent are grower producers important in Jumilla?

A

Most wine is produced in high vol with grapes purchased from small growers

But 1989 phylloxera crisis and improved winemaking has allowed smaller grower-producers to achieve higher prices and export

31
Q

To what extent is production concentrated in Yecla?

Where is most Yecla wine sold?

A
  • Single co-op producers 60% of production
  • 95% exported

1.2)WSET D3 BUSINESS (27 decks)

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