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WSET 3 > Spain and Portugal > Flashcards

Spain and Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

How many climatic zones does Spain have? And where are they?

A

Three (North and NW Coast, East Coast, the Meseta Central)

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2
Q

What is the climate of North and NW Spain?

A

Moderate Maritime climate

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3
Q

What it the climate of the East Coast of Spain?

A

Warm Mediterannean climate

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4
Q

What is the biggest hazard in NW spain?

A

Rainfall from Atlantic weather systems

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5
Q

What is the climate of the Meseta Central in Spain?

A

Hot continental climate

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6
Q

What are Spain’s key black varietals?

A

Tempranillo, Garnacha (Grenache) and Monastrell (Mouvedre)

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7
Q

What are Spain’s four secondary black varietals?

A

Graciano, Carinena, Mazuelo and Mencia

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8
Q

Describe the tempranillo grape?

A

Thick-skinned grape with only medium acidity

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9
Q

Since the tempranillo only has medium acid, what is important in grape growing?

A

Although its thick-skin requires adequate warmth to ripen, hot climates without diurnal range will not create the acidity it needs for balance. So diurnal range is important to tempranillo OR areas that are moderated by sea/and or altitude

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10
Q

What is the tempranillo wine called that is made using semi-carbonic maceration?

A

Joven

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11
Q

What is the style of a Joven wine?

A

fresh strawberry flavors, popular easy drinking style

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12
Q

Where is a very important region in Spain for Garnacha?

A

Priorat

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13
Q

What are two characteristics of Garnacha( Grenache)

A

High in alcohol and matures early

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of the Monastrell (Mouvedre) grape?

A

Thick-skinned, drough tolerant, needs hot sunny conditions to ripen. Deep-colored, full-bodied, high tannin, high alcohol, low/med acidity and ripe blackberry fruit

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15
Q

What are the two main white grape varieties in Spain?

A

Verdejo and Albarino

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16
Q

What is the style of Spain’s white wines?

A

Most are fresh and fruity, most in stainless steel and harvested at night but some in Spain are using oak fermentation and using lees

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17
Q

What is special about Albarino?

A

thick-skinned and resistant to fungal disease

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18
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Spain? And where is it mostly planted?

A

Airen planted in La Mancha

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19
Q

Where is most of the Airen grape used?

A

In the production of Brandy de Jerez

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20
Q

What are the PDO (DOP) wines of Spain?

A

DO and DOCa

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21
Q

What are the only two DOCa wines in Spain?

A

Rioja and Priorat

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22
Q

What is the Vinos de Pago (VP) in Spain?

A

small number of single estates, grow own grapes and make wine onsite

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23
Q

What are the four levels of Spanish wines?

A

Joven, Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva

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24
Q

What are the minimum ageing requirements and minimum barrel ageing requirements for each level of Spanish wine?

A

Joven (0,0) Crianza (24,6) Reserva (36,12) and Gran Reserva (60,18)

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25
Q

What are the six geographical regions of Spain?

A

Upper Ebro, Catalunya, Duero Valley, North West, Levante and Castilla -La Mancha

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26
Q

What geographical region is Rioja located in?

A

The Upper Ebro

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27
Q

What are the three sub-regions of Rioja? And what is their style?

A

Rioja Alavesa (lightest), Rioja Alta and Rioja Baja

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28
Q

Which of the three Rioja sub-regions is less maritime and hotter summers and more severe winters?

A

Rioja Baja

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29
Q

What is the style of Rioja Tempranillo?

A

Red fruit flavors and medium tannin

30
Q

What three grapes play a supporting role to Tempranillo in Rioja?

A

Garnacha and Mazuelo and Graciano

31
Q

What type of oak has been traditionally used in Rioja?

A

American oak

32
Q

What is the defining element of maturation in Rioja?

33
Q

What is Navarra most well-known grape?

A

Tempranillo

34
Q

Where is nearly all the Cava in Spain made?

35
Q

What is unusual about Catalunya’s DO?

A

It is the only Spanish region that has a generic DO for still wines that covers the entire region

36
Q

What geographic region is Priorat found?

37
Q

What is the climate like in Priorat?

A

Long hot summers and low rainfall

38
Q

What are the two grape varietals most commonly found in Priorat?

A

Garnacha and Carinena

39
Q

What are some factors that contribute to Priorats wine being expensive?

A

Mechanization is impossible due to bush vines and steep slopes and old vines and low nutrient soil mean very small yields

40
Q

What is the river that flows through Spain?

41
Q

What is the climate of Ribera Del Duero?

A

Short, hot, dry summers and cold winters, high altitudes

42
Q

What types of wines does the Ribera Del Duero cover?

A

Red and rose only

43
Q

What is the dominant grape in Ribera Del Duero?

A

Tempranillo

44
Q

Where are Spain’s best white wines? and why?

A

Northwest, cooler and wetter than the rest of Spain

45
Q

What is the climate of Rias Baixas?

A

Moderate, damp climate

46
Q

What is a common problem in the Northwest?

A

Humid conditions bring mildew and fungal disease

47
Q

What is the style of an Albarino?

A

Light-bodies, refreshing, unoaked, high acid, ripe stone fruit flavors, some are now using lees to create more complexity and fuller body

48
Q

What is the key grape in Bierzo?

49
Q

What is the climate of Portugal?

A

It has a range of different climates. But most of country is Maritime and inland it hot, dry and continental.

50
Q

What is the single most important climatic influence in Portugal?

A

The Atlantic Ocean

51
Q

Why is there such a diversity of wine styles in Portugal?

A

Large difference in average daily temperatures

52
Q

What makes Portugal a bit different than other winemaking regions?

A

It has a wealth of indigenous varieties, and varieties have different names in different regions.

53
Q

What is the Portuguese PDO called?

A

Either DOP or DOC

54
Q

What is the Portuguese PGI called?

A

IGP but traditional term is Vinho Regional

55
Q

What are the names of the five main DOCs in Portugal?

A

Vinho Verde, Douro, Dao, Bairrada and Alentjo

56
Q

Where is Vinho Verde and what is its climate?

A

NW Portugal and moderate maritime climate.

57
Q

What is a harzard in Vinho Verde and how do the grapegrowers manage it?

A

High annual rainfall creates excessive canopy growth and fungal disease. Grapegrowers use careful canopy management using spur trained VSP for maximum airflow

58
Q

What is the profile of a classic Vinho Verde?

A

pale-lemon colored, high acid, low alcohol made from local varietals.

59
Q

What is the oldest demarcated wine region in the world?

60
Q

Where is Douro located in Portugal?

A

Inland (East) from Vinho Verde

61
Q

What is Douro most known for?

62
Q

Douro is made from five different local grape varietals? What are they and which one is is the highest quality?

A

Touriga Nacional (highest quality), Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo), Tinta Barroca and Tinta Cao

63
Q

What is the profile of Douro (Portugal) wines?

A

deep color, full-bodied, high tannins and rich black fruit

64
Q

Where is Dao (Portugal) and what is the climate?

A

In the mountains south of Douro. Cold wet winters, warm dry summers. Large diurnal range

65
Q

What is the flavor profile of Dao wines?

A

Delicate red fruit aromas, soft tannins, high acid

66
Q

Where is Bairrada (Portugal) and what is the climate?

A

Between Dao and the Atlantic Ocean. It has a maritime climate.

67
Q

What it the dominant black variety in Bairrada?

68
Q

Where is Alentejo and what is its climate?

A

Stretches down over SE Portugal. Cool and wet in North and hot and dry in the south

69
Q

What are some of the local varietals used in Alentejo?

A

Aragones (Tempranillo), Trincadeira, Alicante Boushet

70
Q

What is the largest production region for Portugal?

A

Vinho Regional Alentajano

WSET 3 (16 decks)

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