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WSET 3 > Port > Flashcards

Port Flashcards

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1
Q

How are Ports made?

A

Adding grape spirit to a fermenting juice

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2
Q

What are the two twin cities of the Port industry?

A

Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia

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3
Q

Where are the two Port cities located?

A

Lie on the opposites sides of the mouth of the river Douro

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4
Q

What are the three sub-regions of the Port vineyards?

A

Baixo Corgo (lightest wines), Cima Corgo (largest number of top vineyards, Douro Superior (top quality wine)

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5
Q

What is the climate of the Port vineyards?

A

Broadly speaking it is warm continental. But not uniform

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6
Q

What is the topography like in the Port sub regions?

A

Very tall and very steep but also varied

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7
Q

What are the five varietals in premium port production?

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, and Tinta Cao

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8
Q

What is the general style of Port?

A

complex blends of many different varieties that are thick-skinned, high tannin, black fruit and floral aromas

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9
Q

How is fermentation handled when making Port?

A

Fermentation is stopped by fortification when abv level reacheds 5-9% to create a sweet wine.

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10
Q

How long does Port fermentation last?

A

Only 24-36 hours

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11
Q

Since the Port fermentation is so short, how do they extract deep colors and tannins?

A

Foot treading, autovinifiers and piston plungers and robotic lagares

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12
Q

What is a lagares?

A

In the production of port, they are the shallow granite troughs where the workers foot tread

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13
Q

What is an autovinifier?

A

Automatic extraction technique that is similar to pumping over but creates more contact with skin

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14
Q

What are piston plungers and robotic lagares?

A

Automatic systems used to replicate foot treading

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15
Q

How is fortification different than Port than it is for Sherry?

A

Port starts out with very low alcohol so it is fortified to up to 20% of grape spirit whereas Sherry only has about 3.5% grape spirit

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16
Q

Where are Ports usually matured and why?

A

They are transported downstream to Villa Nova de Gaia because the coastal climate is well suited to slow maturation of ports

17
Q

What type of vessels are Ports matured in and why?

A

old oak vessels, new oak is not a flavor profile wanted in ports

18
Q

What two broad styles of Port are there due to the type of vessel used?

A

Ruby styles and Tawny styles

19
Q

What is the diff between Ruby Port and Tawny Port?

A

Ruby have intense primary fruit character, minimized oxygen and shorter period of time in large old oak, deep colored. Tawny ports undergo long oxidative maturation in barrels called pipes. Wines are made in same way the only difference is the time in maturity

20
Q

All Ports are non-vintage with the exception of which two?

A

Late bottled Vintage and Vintage Ports

21
Q

What are two categories of inexpensive Port?

A

Basic Ruby and Tawny ( no ageing)

22
Q

What are the special categories of Port?

A

Reserve/Reserva, Late Bottled Vintage (LBV), and Tawny with an Indication of Age

23
Q

What is the Reserva category of Port?

A

Labelling term that can be applied to both Ruby and Tawny that are higher quality. A tasting panel choosing and minimum ageing requires 6 years

24
Q

What is Late Bottled Vintage Port?

A

Vintage wines that have aged between 4 and 6 years before bottle. The extra ageing makes them more approachable upon release compared with Vintage Ports.

25
Q

What is Tawny with an Indication of Age?

A

They undergo a long period of oxidative maturation in pipes, can be labeled 10,20,20 or 40 years. Finest of all Tawny Ports

26
Q

What is Vintage Port?

A

Unfined and Unfiltered. On release they are the most concentrated and most tannin ports. Capable of ageing for decades. For most producers, this is flagship wine.

27
Q

What is a grape that is widely used to make fortified wines throughout the world?

A

Muscat

28
Q

What is flavor profile of a Muscat?

A

low to med acid, aromatic orange blossom, rose and grape

29
Q

What are the two broad styles Muscat are made in?

A

youthful and unaged or fully developed after extended ageing

30
Q

What is the known region for Youthful unaged Muscat in Southern Rhone?

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

31
Q

What is a known region in Australia for Fully developed and aged Muscats?

A

Rutherglen

WSET 3 (16 decks)

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