Spain Flashcards
1
Q
A
2
Q
Who established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andalucía and when?
A
The Phoenicians
1100 BCE
3
Q
When did phylloxera hit Spain and where?
A
near the dawn of the 20th century
Rioja
4
Q
Who brought stainless steel and temperature-controlled fermentations to Catalonia in the 1960s?
A
Miguel Torres
5
Q
When Denominación de Origen regulations finally approved for Rioja?
A
1970’s
6
Q
What represents the two highest tiers of quality wine?
A
Denominación de Origen (DO)
Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)
7
Q
When were the first DO’s awarded?
A
1932
8
Q
What are the aging requirements for General DO and Doca?
A
9
Q
What is the additional terminology used for aging of DOP wines?
A
Noble: 18 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
Añejo: 24 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
Viejo: 36 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle, demonstrates marked oxidative character
10
Q
Map of Rioja
A
11
Q
What are the regions of North - Central Spain?
A
Navarra
La Rioja
Aragon
12
Q
What are the mountain ranges near North Central Spain?
A
Pyrenees Mountains to the Northeast (which divide France and Spain)
Cantabrian Mountains to the northwest
13
Q
Which river emerges from the western Cantabrian Mountains and flows southeasterly passing through Rioja?
A
Ebro River
14
Q
In the middle ages who guided viticulture in Rioja?
A
Christian monks
15
Q
Who is The 13th century Benedictine clergyman that is famous in Rioja?
A
Gonzalo de Berceo
16
Q
What are the four main red grapes of Rioja?
A
Tempranillo (the main grape)
Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano, and Garnacha are the blending grapes
17
Q
What is the synonym of Carignan?
A
Mazuelo
18
Q
Which blending grape was authorized for Rioja in 2007?
A
Maturana Tinta
19
Q
These 5 main red grapes must make up how much of the blend?
A
85% or 95% if destemmed
Cab Sauv or other experimental grapes may make up the rest
20
Q
Viura is the name of the grape in Rioja. What is known as anywhere else?
A
Macabeo
21
Q
What are the main white grapes of Rioja?
A
Viura (Macabeo) (the main grape)
Garnacha Blanc,
Malvasia Riojano
Maturana Blanca
22
Q
What are the white grapes of Rioja that are permitted in blends?
A
Chardonnay Tempranillo Blanco Sauvignon Blanc Verdejo Viura
23
Q
What are the Red wine aging requirements in Rioja?
A
Red
Crianza wines require a total two years of aging prior to release, with a minimum year in oak.
Red reserva wines are aged for three years, including one year in oak.
Gran Reserva red wines must age for at least two years in cask and two years in bottle, with a total aging of at least 60 months.
24
Q
Rioja casks must be what size?
A
225 liters
size of a barrique
25
What are the white and rose aging requirements in Rioja?
crianza wines age for eighteen months
reserva wines for two years
gran reserva wines age for four
All three categories require a minimum six months in cask.
Whereas producers may age white and rosado crianza wines in a non-oxidative environment like stainless steel, reserva wines must remain in oak or bottle for the the minimum period of aging.
26
What are the subzones of Rioja?
Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Oriental (formerly known as Rioja Baja)
27
Which subzone is the smallest in Rioja?
Rioja Alavesa
28
Which subzone is the northernmost in Rioja?
Rioja Alavesa
29
Which subzone is the southwestern zone in Rioja?
Rioja Alta
30
Which subzone of Rioja is this?
its slightly warmer climate the zone is capable of producing classic, ageworthy Tempranillo, Mazuelo and Graciano.
Rioja Alta
31
Which subzone in Rioja is the hottest?
Rioja Oriental
32
What is the soil types of Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa?
high proportion of calcareous clay
33
What is the soil type of Rioja Oriental?
contains more alluvial soils and ferrous clay
34
Which grape performs best in Rioja Oriental?
Garnacha
35
When blending wines from all three subzones of Rioja what characteristics are they getting from each subzone?
combining the freshness of Rioja Alavesa
the extract and alcoholic warmth of Rioja Oriental
the acidity and structure of Rioja Alta.
36
Which subzone is Lopez de Heredia in?
Rioja Alta
37
When did the single vineyard category in Rioja pass?
2017
38
As of 2018 what can winemakers register their single vineyard wines as?
Viñedos Singulares and print official single vineyard names on their labels
39
What needs to happen in order to be registered as a single vineyard bottling in Rioja?
To be a single vineyard, the vineyard's soil must be assessed, the vines must be at least 35 years old, the estate must have proof that it has been working with the vineyard for at least 10 years, and the wine must pass a tasting panel.
The grapes must also be hand-harvested at a significantly lower yield than what is typically required of regional wines.
40
What other category besides single vineyard was added in 2018 in Rioja?
Vino Espumoso de Calidad category was added for traditional method sparkling wine
41
What does it take to be labeled as Vino Espumoso de Calidad?
To be labeled as such, the grapes must be hand-harvested, and the entire winemaking process must take place at the same facility (that is, it cannot be moved at any stage of the process).
Brut Nature, Extra Brut, and Brut styles are allowed.
42
What are the aging requirements of Vino Espumoso in Rioja?
requires a minimum of 15 months lees aging, whereas
Reserva and Gran Anãda require 24 and 36 months, respectively.
Gran Anãda wines must be produced with fruit harvested during a single vintage, and this date must be stated on the label.
43
Where is Navarra DO located?
Navarra DO is adjacent to the northern and eastern borders of Rioja
44
What is Navarra DO famous for?
Rosado
45
What are the main red grapes of Navarra DO?
Garnacha and Tempranillo
46
What is the most prominent white grape in Navarra DO?
Chardonnay
47
What are the five subzones of Navarra DO?
```
the higher altitude:
Valdizarbe
Baja Montaña
Tierra Estella
in the north
```
in the center of the zone:
Ribera Alta
in the hot southern sector:
Ribera Baja
48
As a testament to the rising quality of Navarra’s red wines, three estates recently received their own DO Pago appellations: What are they?
Señorío de Arínzano
Prado Irache in Tierra Estella
Bodegas Otazu in Valdizarbe
49
Where is Aragon located?
to the east of Rioja and Navarra
50
What are the four DO's of Aragon?
Campo de Borja
Calatayud
Cariñena
Somontano
51
What is the main grape of Camp de Borja DO?
Garnacha
52
What styles of wine are made in Aragon?
White
Rosado
Red
53
What are the main grapes of Aragon?
Virua
Garnacha
Tempranillo
54
What are main grapes of Somontano DO?
local grapes such as the white Alcañón and red Parraleta, as well as a larger complement of Spanish and international varieties.
55
What rain shadow is Ribera Baja in?
SIERRA DEL MONCAYO
56
When was Rioja DOCa Status?
1991
57
How long has Rioja been a viable wine producing area?
Over 2000 years
58
What river is Rioja named after?
The Oja, a smaller tributary of the Ebro
59
How much of the blend must the primary white grapes make up in Rioja?
50% of the blend
60
Name the 4 principal white grapes of Rioja?
Viura
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Verdejo
61
Name the 5 authorized red grapes of Rioja
Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta
62
Which sub region of Rioja does Ysios produce it's wines?
Rioja Alavesa
63
What is the oldest winery in Haro?
Lopez de Heredia
64
When was Lopez de Heredia founded?
1877
65
What wine styles are made by Lopez de Heredia from the Vineyard Vina Tondonia?
White
Rosado
Red
66
What wine styles are allowed in Navarra DO?
Blanco
Rosado
Tinto
Vino de Licor
67
The Carinena DO is the ancestral home of which grape variety?
Carignan/Mazuelo grape
68
Who produces Castilla y Gay?
Marques de Murrieta
69
What is VdIT?
Vino de la Tierra. The lowest level of quality wine falls within the Eu's IGP which is slowly replacing it.
70
What is Galacia's nickname?
Green Spain
71
What is the climate of Galacia?
Maritime
72
Name the 5 DO's of Galacia?
- Rias Baixas
- Ribeiro
- Ribeira Sacra
- Valdeorras
- Monterrei
73
What are the 5 subzones of Rias Baixas?
```
Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnés
Soutomaior
Condado do Tea
O Rosal
```
74
What is the main grape of Rias Baixas?
Albarino
75
When a wine is labeled Rias Baixas Albarino what does that mean?
it will be 100% Albarino
76
If the wine label has a subzone on it that means how much Albarino needs to be in the blend?
70%
77
What are the blending grapes of Rias Baixas?
```
Northern Subzone
Albariño
Loureiro
Treixadura
Caiño Blanco
```
Southern Subzone
Loureira
Treixadura
78
Name some characteristics of Albarino.
Albariño wines tend to show stone fruit and citrus flowers, with an undercurrent of minerality.
79
What are the red grapes of Rias Baixas?
Caiño
Espadeiro
Mencía
but nearly 96% of the vineyard acreage in Rías Baixas is devoted to Albariño.
80
Blank is one of Spain’s oldest recognized wine regions, and the wines have always been popular with Spaniards.
Ribeiro DO
81
Where is Ribeiro located?
Along the Miño River to the east of Rías Baixas
82
What is the main white and red grape of Ribeiro?
Treixadura
| Caiño
83
What is a local specialty in Ribeiro called?
Vino Tostado
84
What are the 5 subregions of Ribeira Sacra?
```
Amandi
Chantada
Quiroga-Bibei
Riberas do Sil
Riberas do Miño
```
85
What are the main grapes of Ribeira Sacra?
Treixadura, and Godello
Mencia
86
What is Ribeira Sacra known for?
Its churches and steeply terraced slopes
87
Which is Galicia's easternmost zone?
Valdeorras DO
88
Valdeorras DO is known for what kind of grape/wine?
the region’s best wines are clean, fruit-driven, high-acid Godello whites
89
What is the southernmost DO of Galacia?
Monterrei DO (super small region with only a handful of wineries
90
When was the Rias Baixas DO established?
1988
91
Which is the coolest and wettest subzone of Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnes with an average temp of 55 degrees
92
What is the warmest/driest subzone of Rias Baixas?
Condado do Tea
average 59 degrees
93
What are the three principal DO's of Pais Vasco?
Getariako Txakolina
Bizkaiko Txakolina
Arabako Txakolina
94
What are the wine styles of Pais Vasco?
white, red, or rosado
95
What grape are the white wines made from in Pais Vasco?
Ondarrabi Zuri grape
96
In (Blank) alone, Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri) accounts for 95% of vineyard acreage, with the remaining acreage planted to (Blank), the preferred local red variety.
Getariako
| Ondarrabi Beltza
97
The rare rosado wines, traditionally known as (Blank), are often blends of the two grapes
Ojo de Gallo
98
True or False: Txakoli wines should be consumed in their youth.
True
99
What is the climate of Castilla y Leon?
continental
100
Which river flows through Castilla y Leon?
Duero River
101
Which DO's does the river Duero flow through?
```
Ribera del Duero
Rueda
Toro
Tierra del Vino de Zamora
Arribes
```
102
Name the DO's of Castilla y Leon.
```
Ribera del Duero
Rueda
Toro
Tierra del Vino de Zamora
Arribes
Arlanza DO
Cigales DO
Tierra de León DO
Bierzo DO
```
103
Which river flows through Bierzo DO?
Sil River
104
What is the main grape of Bierzo?
Mencia
105
Which winery did Alvaro Palicios found in Bierzo?
Descendientes de José Palacios with his nephew Ricardo Pérez in 1999
106
Name the White grapes of Bierzo.
Godello and Doña Blanca show more promise, Palomino
107
Where is Vega Sicilia located?
Riberia del Duero
108
What is the grape of Tinto del País?
Tempranillo
109
What is the blend of Unico?
Único, blended from Tinto del País, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot and aged, often for a decade or more in American and French oak barrels
110
When did Riberia Del Duero become a DO?
1982
111
Name some high quality producers of Riberia Del Duero.
Vega Scilia
Dominio de Pingus
Aalto
112
There are two synonyms in Riberia del Duero for Tempranillo, what are they?
Tinto del Pais
| Tinto Fino
113
What are the red blending grapes of Riberia del Duero?
a minimum of 75% is required for its reds. Small amounts of Garnacha and international varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are also cultivated.
114
What are the aging requirements for Ribera del Duero?
Roble/Barrica: min. 3 months in oak (max. 600 liter capacity)
Crianza:
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 18 months, including at least 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
Tinto: min. 24 months, including at least 12 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
Reserva:
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 24 months, including at least 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
Tinto: min. 36 months, including at least 12 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
Gran Reserva:
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 48 months, including at least 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
Tinto: min. 60 months, including at least 24 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
115
When did Rueda become a DO?
1980
116
What is the main white grape of Rueda?
Verdejo
117
Who rejuvinated verdejo and when?
Marqués de Riscal in the 1970s
118
White wines simply labeled as Rueda now require a minimum....
50% of Verdejo or Sauvignon, often blended with Viura. They may blend with Chardonnay and Viognier as well.
119
What is the main red grape of Rueda?
Tempranillo
120
Brut and Brut Nature Espumoso wines require a minimum (blank) Verdejo or Sauvignon Blanc.
Brut and Brut Nature Espumoso wines require a minimum 75% Verdejo or Sauvignon Blanc.
121
What is the dry fortified wine of Rueda called?
Dorado
122
What does Toro DO produce?
White
rosado
red
123
What is tempranillo called in Toro DO?
Tinto de Toro
124
What are the main white grapes of Toro?
White wines may be made with Verdejo or Malvasia
125
Name three high quality producers in Toro DO?
Fariña
Numanthia-Termes
Vega Sicilia’s Bodegas Pintia
126
Name a high quality producer from Zamora?
Vega Sicilia’s Ribera del Duero rival Alejándro Fernández of Pesquera staked his claim in Zamora, with the founding of the Dehesa la Granja estate
127
When did Arlanza DO become a DO?
2007, one of the newest
128
Cigales DO is famous for what kind of wine?
rosado
129
Who sought to create a bold new Spanish red wine in 1979?
René Barbier
130
What are the main grapes of Priorat and what style is it known for?
Garnacha and Cariñena
| big red wines
131
What is the famous soil in Priorat?
Llicorella
132
What is Llicorella?
a mix of black slate and quartzite, characterizes the best vineyards, requiring vines to dig deeply for water.
133
What are the The five original “Clos” wines of Priorat?
Barbier’s Clos Mogador, Palacios' Clos Dofi, Clos Erasmus, Clos de l’Obac, and Clos Martinet
Today, Clos Mogador, Alvaro Palacios, Clos Erasmus, Costers del Siurana (whose founder Carles Pastrana produced Clos de l’Obac), and Mas Martinet
134
What is the climate of Priorat?
warm and Mediterrananea
135
What are the main grapes of Montsant?
Garacha and Carinena
136
What style of wine was Tarragona DO known for in the past?
fortified rancio or mistela, the Spanish version of vin de liqueur.
137
In the present what is Tarragona DO now known for planting?
white grapes for Cava production
138
Which market is the most substantial in Tarragona?
Churches for Communion wine
139
Penedès is divided between three distinct altitude zones. What are they?
Baix-Penedès
Medio-Penedès
Alt-Penedès
140
The (blank), one of Europe’s highest altitude winegrowing regions, is perfectly suited to cultivation of the white Parellada grape
Alt-Penedès
141
What are the main white grape of Penedes?
```
Parellada
Xarel-lo
Macabéo (Macabeu)
Malvasía
Chardonnay
```
142
What is the synonym of Tempranillo in Penedes?
Ull de Llebre
143
Which red grape thrives in Medio-Penedes?
Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo)
144
turdier Mediterranean red grapes like Garnacha (Garnatxa) and Monastrell are planted in the lower vineyards of the (blank), producing high-alcohol red and rosado wines
Baix-Penedès
145
What is Malvasía de Sitges?
A sweet fortified wine
146
Who makes Malvasia de Sitges?
Vega de Ribes and the charity Hospital de Sant Joan Baptista
147
Where is the birthplace of Cava?
San Sadurní d’Anoia
148
Where is San Sadurní d’Anoia?
Alt-Penedes
149
Who introduced method traditional sparkling to Penedes and when?
Jose Raventós of Codorníu
| 1872
150
Cava DO wines may be produced from the following grapes:
Parellada, Xarel-lo, Macabeu, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell, Trepat, and Malvasia (Subirat)
151
Cava DO is the only Spanish Denominación de Origen that (blanks)
that covers a style, rather than a region
152
What are the lees aging requirements for Cava?
nine months for basic bottlings
fifteen months for reserva
and thirty months for gran reserva.
153
What is imprinted on Cava corks?
Four pointed star
154
What is Xarel-lo known as in Alella DO?
Pansà Blanca
155
What is Monastrell known as in the rest of the world?
Mouvedre
156
What is Fondillon and where is it made?
Alicante DO
a solera-style, oxidative dessert wine produced from overripe Monastrell (Mourvèdre) grapes aged for a minimum of ten years
not fortified
157
What is the main red grape of Utiel-Requena DO?
Bobal
158
What is Doble Pasta wines?
Doble Pasta red wines are macerated and fermented with twice the normal amount of grape skins and pulp, resulting in a wine of intense concentration, tannin and color. Often, doble pasta wines are used to strengthen weaker blends, but this traditional role is ebbing away with the rising production of grape concentrate in Utiel-Requena.
159
Murcia has three DO zones. What are they?
Jumilla
Yecla
Bullas
160
When did Jumilla get phylloxera?
Not until the 1980's it was able to resist for so long due to its sandy soils
161
What autonmia does La Mancha DO lie?
Castilla - La Mancha
162
What is the principal grape of La Mancha DO?
Cencibel (Tempranillo)
| Airén
163
Andalucía includes the DO zones of.....
```
Málaga
Sierras de Málaga
Montilla-Moriles
Condado de Huelva
Jerez-Xérès-Sherry
Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda
```
164
What are the Sherry DO Zones and towns?
Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
Three towns—Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, and El Puerto de Santa Maria—form a “golden triangle” of production;
165
What are the main grapes of Sherry?
Palomino
Pedro Ximénez
Moscatel
166
What is the high quality soil of Sherry called?
Albariza soils
167
What is Málaga DO known for?
Moscatel and PX grapes are the region’s principal grapes. Classically, the grapes are dried for a period of up to 20 days on esparto grass mats (a process known as the soleo) prior to fermentation. Today, the wines of Málaga are either naturally sweet wines—produced either from soleo or simply overripe grapes—or fortified sweet wines.
168
What are the Five age categories for Malaga?
```
Málaga Pálido (maximum six months of aging in oak)
Málaga (six to 24 months)
Málaga Noble (two to three years)
Málaga Añejo (three to five years)
Málaga Transañejo (minimum five years)
```
169
Where are the Canary Islands?
Off the coast of Africa
170
What is the climate of the Canary Islands?
sub tropical
171
How many DO zones are there in the Canary Islands?
10
172
Did Phyloxxera hit the Canary Islands?
Nope
173
What are the main red grapes of the Canary Islands?
Listán Negro
Negramoll (Tinta Negra)
Malvasía Rosada
Listán Prieto (Mission),
174
What are the main white grapes of the canary islands?
```
Malvasía
Gual
Forastera Blanca
Moscatel
Listán Blanco (Palomino).
```
175
Who produces "Castillo y Gay?"
Marques de Murrieta
176
What dominated plantings in Rioja Baja until the mid 1980s and is now back in resurgence?
Garnacha
177
Who produces "L'Ermita?"
Alvaro Palacios
178
What is the dominant red grape of Navarra?
Tempranillo
179
What specific body of water is directly to the north of País Vasco?
Bay of Biscay
180
Select the two best vintages for Ribera del Duero between 2000 and 2004.
2001
| 2004
181
Which of the following events drove Spain to become a major world player in wine production in the late 1800s?
Phylloxera outbreak
182
What type of oak was used in classic Rioja winemaking?
American oak
183
Which winemaker is most often credited with the rebirth and success of the wines of Priorat?
René Barbier
184
What is the principal white grape of Rueda DO?
Verdejo
185
Select the DOCa region(s) of Spain.
Rioja
| Priorat
186
The climate of Rías Baixas can be best described as which of the following?
Maritime
187
What is the most widely planted red grape in Spain?
Tempranillo
188
True or False: Gran Reserva is an aging designation for red wines only.
False
189
What geographical feature lies to the east of Penedès?
Mediterranean Sea
190
Who produces "Unico?
Vega Scilia
191
True or False: Ribera del Duero red wines are made exclusively from the Tempranillo grape.
False
192
What method of production is used for Cava?
Traditional Method
193
Which sub-region of Rioja has the coolest climate?
Rioja Alavesa
194
The red wine Pingus is produced in which of the following regions?
Ribera del Duero
195
What is the minimum aging requirement for Rioja Crianza red wines?
One year in barrel, two years total
196
Who produces "L'Ermita?"
Álvaro Palacios
197
What region is Gratallops located in?
Priorat
198
What is the capacity of traditional barrels used in aging red wines in Rioja?
225
199
What is the minimum aging requirement for Reserva red wines in Ribera del Duero?
One year in barrel, three years total
200
Cencibel is a synonym for what grape?
Tempranillo
201
What is the dominant red grape of Navarra?
Tempranillo
202
Tenerife and Lanzarote are located in what archipelago?
The Canary Islands
203
What geographical feature separates Costers del Segre from Southwest France?
Pyrenees Mountains
204
In which region would you find the Calatayud DO?
Aragon
205
What specific body of water is directly to the north of País Vasco?
Bay of Biscay
206
True or False: Bierzo is in Galacia.
False
207
What is the most planted red grape of Jumilla DO?
Monastrell
208
Who produces "Bosconia," "Tondonia," and "Gravonia?"
Bodegas López de Heredia
209
What is the minimum aging requirement for Reserva red wines in Ribera del Duero?
One year in barrel, three years total
210
What sub-region of Rías Baixas has the highest production of total wine?
Val do Salnés
