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South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

When was Cape Town founded and by who?

A

Jan Van Riebeeck in 1652

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2
Q

When did phylloxera strike South Africa?

A

latter half of the 19th century

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3
Q

What does the KWV stand for?

A

Ko-0peratieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika

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4
Q

When was the Ko-0peratieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika formed?

A

1918

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5
Q

What does the Ko-0peratieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika do?

A

a cooperative of wine producers and growers, fixed minimum prices, determined areas of production, and established production limits

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6
Q

When did apartheid end?

A

1994

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7
Q

What did the end of apartheid mean for wine industry?

A

After that the KWV went private in 1997 and spurred a great renewal in the industry.

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8
Q

What does SAWIT mean and when was it formed?

A

South African Wine Industry Trust

formed in 1999

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9
Q

Why was SAWIT established?

A

was established to speed transformation of South African wine and to empower black workers in an industry that had long relied on slave- and apartheid-era labor practices

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10
Q

What is South Africa’s appellation system?

A

Wine of Origin (WO)

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11
Q

Where does South Africa rank in winemaking volume across the world?

A

ranks 9th

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12
Q

When was the Wine of origins (WO) system introduced?

A

1973

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13
Q

How does your wine get approved for the WO system?

A

compels producers seeking certification to submit a sample of their wines for evaluation by a tasting panel, which confirms that each wine shows the correct organoleptic qualities for its cultivar (variety) and age. The wine also undergoes scientific analysis.

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14
Q

Since 2006, if your wine is from the WO and grape is stated what does the percentage need to be?

A

85%

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15
Q

Percentage of vintage on a label?

A

85%

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16
Q

If an area of production appears on the label, (blank)% of grapes must come from the stated area.

A

100%

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17
Q

There are four types of production areas, what are they?

A

geographical unit -> region -> district -> ward

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18
Q

What does it mean if a single vineyard is listed on the label?

A

A single vineyard may be listed on a label if the wine is sourced solely from a vineyard that is appropriately registered and of less than six hectares.

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19
Q

What does it mean when a wine is an estate wine?

A

Estate wines must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land and vinified and bottled on a single property.

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20
Q

What is on the bottle if a wine comes from a WO?

A

A WO seal will appear on the bottle if it passes certification.

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21
Q

What does IPW stand for?

A

Integrated Production of Wine Scheme

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22
Q

What does the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme (IPW) do?

A

a voluntary means of certification for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards. The IPW sets guidelines for agricultural, manufacturing, and packaging practices, and certification falls under the jurisdiction of the SA Wine and Spirit Board. Wineries are judged on a number of points, including worker safety measures, handling of wastewater, carbon emissions, use of pesticides and other chemicals, and vineyard biodiversity.

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23
Q

When was the IPW formed?

A

1998

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24
Q

Starting in 2010, what was added to bottle if they passed IPW inspection?

A

wines that meet a minimum score in IPW evaluation (60% or better) and qualify for WO certification are marked with a joint seal, indicating a “sustainable wine of origin,” rather than the basic WO seal.

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25
Q

What percentage of WO wines hold the IPW certification?

A

95%

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26
Q

What are the 6 large geographical areas (GI’s) of South Africa wine?

A
  • Western Cape
  • Northern Cape
  • Eastern Cape
  • Kwazulu-Natal
  • Limpopo
  • Free State
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27
Q

What is the latitude of the Western Cape?

A

27 - 34 degrees

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28
Q

What is the climate of the Western Cape?

A

Mediterranean

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29
Q

What is the current that cools the Western Cape?

A

Benguela Current flows north from Antarctica to cool the coastal areas

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30
Q

What is the wind that blows through the Western Cape?

A

he Cape Doctor, a notoriously strong southeasterly wind, blows across the Western Cape throughout the spring and summer, inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temperature—but also ferociously battering the vines.

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31
Q

What is the Cape’s southernmost district?

A

Cape Agulhas

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32
Q

What is Chenin blanc known as?

A

Steen

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33
Q

What is the most planted white grape in South Africa?

A

Steen (Chenin Blanc)

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34
Q

What are the important white grapes of South Africa?

A 
Steen (Chenin Blanc)
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscat of Alexandria (Hanepoot)
Colombard
Muscadel (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
Viognier
Semillon
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35
Q

What are the important red grapes of South Africa?

A 
Pinotage
Cinsault
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Shiraz
Pinot Noir
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36
Q

What is Pinotage?

A

Pinotage, a crossing of Cinsaut and Pinot Noir

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37
Q

Who developed Pinotage and when?

A

Professor Abraham Perold in 1924

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38
Q

What are the characteristics of Pinotage?

A

It results in a distinctively smoky, fruity, pungent, and full-bodied red wine.

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39
Q

What are traditional method sparkling wines called?

A

Méthode Cap Classique (MCC)

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40
Q

What are the two main grapes of Méthode Cap Classique (MCC)?

A

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

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41
Q

How many districts are in the Coastal Region?

A

9

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42
Q

Name the 9 districts in the Coastal region?

A 
Swartland
Tulbagh
Darling
Wellington
Paarl
Cape Town
Franschhoek Valley
Stellenbosch

Lutzville Valley

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43
Q

Stellenbosch is located within which WO Region of South Africa?

A

Coastal Region

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44
Q

Where is Constantia?

A

Coastal Region

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45
Q

________ is South Africa’s most planted red grape variety.

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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46
Q

Although South Africa’s wine history extends back several hundred years, its modern history did not really begin until the end of Apartheid in the early ________.

A

1990’s

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47
Q

True or False: Certified Wines of Origin (WO) must contain 85% of the stated cultivar and vintage.

A

True

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48
Q

Klein Karoo is best known for what style of wines?

A

Fortified wine

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49
Q

Vin de Constance wines are made with which of the following grapes?

A

Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains

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50
Q

True or False:Most of South Africa’s wine regions are located within the Northern Cape.

A

False

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51
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in South Africa?

A

Chenin Blanc (Steen)

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52
Q

True or False: South Africa’s grape-growing season occurs between April and September.

A

False

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53
Q

Pinotage is a crossing of Pinot Noir and what other grape?

A

Cinsault

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54
Q

Methode Cap Classique wines must be made with which of the following sparkling wine techniques?

A

Traditional Method

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55
Q

In which century were the first vineyards planted in South Africa?

A

17th century

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56
Q

Which of the following regions surrounds South Africa’s Cape Town?

A

Coastal region

57
Q

Steen is the local South African name for the ________ grape.

A

Chenin Blanc

58
Q

The most planted white grape in Stellenbosch is:

A

Sauvignon Blanc

59
Q

The Western Cape’s southernmost district is:

A

Cape Agulhas

60
Q

Breedekloof, Worcester, and Robertson are districts within which WO region?

A

Breede River Valley

61
Q

“Trilogy” is a famous Bordeaux blend produced by ______________ Wine Estate.

62
Q

(Blank) produces the Bordeaux-style blend known as “Rubicon.”

A

Meerlust Esate

63
Q

Muscat de Frontignan is also known as:

A

Muscat Blanc á Petit Grains

64
Q

Citrusdal Mountain and Citrusdal Valley are districts within which WO region?

A

Olifants River Region

65
Q

Due to the (Blank)

Current, South Africa’s coastal climate is cooler than its latitude suggests.

A

Benguela Current

66
Q

True or False: Pinotage is a thin-skinned variety most commonly producing lightly colored wines.

67
Q

Paarl is located to the ________________ of Stellenbosch.

68
Q

The Stellenbosch and Paarl WO districts are separated by (blank)
Mountain.

A

Simonsberg

69
Q

True or False: In Methode Cap Classique (MCC) wines, Pinotage is commonly employed alongside Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in the blends.

70
Q

What percentage of grapes must originate from a WO area in order to include it on a label?

71
Q

Elgin, Cape Agulhas, and Walker Bay are districts within which WO region?

A

Cape South Coast

72
Q

Citrusdal Mountain and Citrusdal Valley are districts within which WO region?

A

Olifants River Region

73
Q

Hanepoot is a South African synonym for which of the following grape varieties?

A

Muscat de Alexandria

74
Q

True or False: The historical Vin de Constance styles are fortified dessert wines made from botrytized Muscat de Frontignan grapes.

75
Q

What are the regions in the Western Cape?

A 
Olifants River
Coastal Region
Breede River Valley
Klein Karoo
Cape South Coast
76
Q

What are the districts in Olifants River?

A

Citrusdal Valley

Citrusdal Mountain

77
Q

What are the wards in Citrusdal Valley?

78
Q

What are the wards in Citrusdal Mountain?

A

Piekenierskloof

79
Q

What are the wards of Olifants River Region without districts?

A

Spruitdrift

Vredendal

80
Q

What is the name of the large co-op winery that is located in Olifants River Region?

A

Vredendal
known for Colombard and chenin blanc

bulk production

81
Q

What grapes and wine are Olifants River Region known for?

A

Colombard
Chenin Blanc
Bulk wine production

82
Q

What are the wards of the Costal Region without a district?

A

Bamboes Bay

Lamberts Bay

83
Q

What are the districts of the Coastal Region?

A 
Swartland
Darling
Tulbagh
Wellington
Paarl
Cape Town
Stellenbosch
Franschoek Valley
Lutzville Valley
84
Q

What are the wards in Swartland?

A 
Malmesbury
Paardeberg
Paardeberg South
Riebeekberg
St Helena Bay
85
Q

Name three key producers in Swartland?

A

Sadie Family Wines
A.A. Badenhorst Family Wines
Mullineux

86
Q

What is the climate of Swartland?

A

hot and dry

cooled by the breezes off the atlantic to the west

87
Q

What are the soil types of Swartland?

A
  • mainly granite and shale under Oakleaf, Tukulu, and Klapmuts soil
88
Q

What are the main grapes in Swartland?

A

Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc

Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinotage

89
Q

What is the ward within Darling?

A

Groenekloof

90
Q

What are the main grapes of Darling?

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay

Red: Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage

91
Q

What is special about Tulbagh?

A

Its higher altitude creates a significant diurnal temperature shift, and MCC production there is increasing.

92
Q

What are the major grapes and styles of Tulbagh?

A

White: Chenin Blanc, Colombar, Muscat d’Alexandrie, Chardonnay

Red: Cinsault, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinotage

Sparkling and Dessert Wines

93
Q

Name a key producer from Tulbagh

A

Key Producers: Fable Mountain Vineyards

94
Q

What style of wine is Wellington known for?

A

Fortified wines

95
Q

What are the wards within Paarl?

A

Agter-Paarl
Simonsberg-Paarl
Voor-Parrdeberg

96
Q

Where is the producer Nederburg located?

A

Paarl

largest producer and first house to produce a botrytised dessert wine in South Africa

97
Q

What is the name of the auction that is held in Paarl and when did it start?

A

1975

Nederburg Wine Auction

98
Q

What are the main grapes in Paarl?

A

Chenin Blanc, and Chardonnay

Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinotage

99
Q

What are the major natural features of Paarl?

A

Berg River
Hawequa Mountains
Simonsberg Mountain

100
Q

What are the wards within Cape Town?

A

Constantia
Durbanville
Hout Bay
Philadelphia

101
Q

What are the major grapes of Cape Town?

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling, Sémillon, Chenin Blanc

Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage

Vin de Constance (Constantia): Muscat de Frontignan

102
Q

What is the climate of Cape Town?

A

Cool sea breezes blow northward from False Bay, and average February temperatures hover around 70 degrees Fahrenheit, promoting a lengthy growing season ideal for dessert wines and cool-climate white grapes like Sauvignon Blanc.

103
Q

What is the grape of Vin de Constance?

A

Muscat de Frontignan

104
Q

What are the key producers of Cape Town?

A

Constantia - Groot Constantia, Klein Constantia, Constantia Uitsig, Steenberg, Buitenverwachting

Altydgedacht, Durbanville Hills

105
Q

What style of wine is Hout Bay known for?

A

Sparkling wines

106
Q

What is a viticultural threat in Cape town?

A
  • fungal disease due to the humidity
107
Q

What are the wards in Stellenbosch?

A 
Banghoek
Bottelary
Devon Valley
Jonkershoek Valley
Papegaaiberg
Polkadraai Hills
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
Vlottenberg
108
Q

Which region is South Africa’s most prominent winemaking region?

A

Stellenbosch

109
Q

What has become the epicenter of viticultural and oenological research for the country?

A

Town of Oaks in Stellenbosch

110
Q

What are soil types in Stellenbosch?

A

alluvial loam over shale on the valley floors to decomposed granite and sandstone on the hillsides

111
Q

What are the main grapes of Stellenbosch?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc are the district’s two most planted varieties, followed by Merlot, Shiraz, and Chenin Blanc.

112
Q

What is the climate of Stellenbosch?

A

With a maritime-influenced climate comparable to—but warmer than—Bordeaux,

113
Q

Name some highly regarded producers in Stellenbosch.

A

blended reds based on Cabernet Sauvignon, such as Warwick Estate’s “Trilogy” and Meerlust’s “Rubicon,” garner high praise.

Kanonkop (a champion of Pinotage), Rust en Vrede, and Neil Ellis round out a sampling of highly regarded producers in the district.

114
Q

What body of water lies to the South of Stellenbosch?

115
Q

What mountains are in Stellenbosch?

A

Helderberg
Stellenboschberg
Simonsberg

116
Q

What style of wines are Franschhoek Valley known for?

A

Sparkling Wines

Fortified Wines

117
Q

Where is Graham Beck located?

A

Franschhoek Valley

118
Q

What is the ward within Lutzville?

119
Q

What are the districts of Breed River Valley?

A

Breedekloof
Roberson
Worcester

120
Q

Which region produces the most wine in South Africa?

A

Breede River Valley

121
Q

What are the main grapes of Breede River Valley?

A

White: Colombard, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc

Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz

122
Q

Name two key producers in Robertson ward.

A

Graham Beck Wines, Springfield Estate

123
Q

What is a lot of grapes made into in Breede River Valley?

124
Q

What is a major natural feature in Breede River Region?

A

The Breede River

125
Q

What are the wards in the Klein Karoo without a district?

A 
Cango Valley
Montagu
Outeniqua
Tradouw
Tradouw Highlands
Upper Langkloof
126
Q

What are the districts in Klein Karoo?

A

Calitzdorp

Langeberg-Garcia

127
Q

What wine style is the focus in Klein Karoo?

A

Fortified and sweet wine production

128
Q

What are the most promising grapes in Klein Karoo?

A

Muscat and Tinta Barroca

129
Q

What are the districts in the Cape South Coast?

A 
Elgin 
Overberg
Walker bay
Cape alguhas 
Swellendam
Plettenberg bay
Lower Duivenhoks River
130
Q

What are the wards in Cape South Coast without a district?

A

Herbertsdale
Still Bay East
Napier

131
Q

What is the ward in Cape Agulhas?

132
Q

What are the wards in Overberg?

A

Elandskloof
Greyton
Klein River
Theewater

133
Q

What are the wards within Swellendam?

A

Buffeljags
Malgas
Stormslei

134
Q

What are the wards of Walker Bay?

A 
Bot River
Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge
Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
Upper Hemel - en Aarde Valley
Springfontein Rim
Stanford Foothills
Sunday's Glen
135
Q

What are the main grapes of Walkers Bay?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Pinotage

136
Q

Name a winery that was a pioneer in Walkers Bay?

A

Hamilton Russell Winery

137
Q

The two wards in Walkers Bay known for high quality wine production are?

A

Bot River

Hemel-en-Aarde

138
Q

What are the main grapes in the Northern Cape and styles?

A

White: Chenin Blanc, Colombard, Chardonnay, Muscadel, Muscat of Alexandria (primarily a white wine region)
Red: Pinotage, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Tannat

seems like bulk wine production, with large co-op wineries

Advanced Exam 2022 (27 decks)

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